ka- -nan
Tagalog
Etymology
From Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an (compare Malay ke- -an).
Circumfix
ka- -nan
- alternative spelling of ka- -an
- pakana (“scheme”) + ka- -nan → kapakanan (“sake”)
- sala (“fault”) + ka- -nan → kasalanan (“sin”)
- bihasa (“accustomed”) + ka- -nan → kabihasnan (“civilization”)
Usage notes
- Normally, /h/ is inserted before -an when the root word ends with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.
- sala + ka- -nan → kasalanan
- Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.
- pakana + ka- -nan → kapakanan
- bihasa + ka- -nan → kabihasnan
Derived terms
Tagalog terms circumfixed with ka- -nan