< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kazati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Rix (LIV), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷōǵ-ye-, a causative form from a root *kʷeǵ-, a variant of *kʷeḱ- (“to see”). Endorsed by Chernykh and Vasmer and tentatively by Derksen. Cognate with Sanskrit काशते (kā́śate, “it seems”), Avestan 𐬁𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬝 (ākasat̰, “he noticed”), Tocharian B koṣkīye (“image”).
Verb
*kāzàti[1][2]
- to show
- to say, to testify
- (by extension) to punish
Inflection
Conjugation of *kazati, *kaza, *kažetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kazanьje | *kazati | *kazatъ | *kazalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kazanъ | *kažemъ |
| Active | *kazavъ | *kažę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kazaxъ | *kaza | *kaza | *kažǫ | *kažeši | *kažetь |
| Dual | *kazaxově | *kazasta | *kazaste | *kaževě | *kažeta | *kažete |
| Plural | *kazaxomъ | *kazaste | *kazašę | *kažemъ | *kažete | *kažǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kazaaxъ | *kazaaše | *kazaaše | — | *kaži | *kaži |
| Dual | *kazaaxově | *kazaašeta | *kazaašete | *kaživě | *kažita | — |
| Plural | *kazaaxomъ | *kazaašete | *kazaaxǫ | *kažimъ | *kažite | — |
Related terms
- *kaznь (“punishment”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: казати (kazati)
- Belarusian: каза́ць (kazácʹ)
- Russian: каза́ть (kazátʹ)
- Rusyn: казати (kazaty)
- Ukrainian: каза́ти (kazáty)
- Old Novgorodian: каꙁа́ти (kazáti)
- Old East Slavic: казати (kazati)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: казати (kazati)
- Glagolitic: ⰽⰰⰸⰰⱅⰹ (kazati)
- Bulgarian: ка́жа (káža)
- Macedonian: каже (kaže)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ка́зати
- Latin: kázati
- Chakavian (Vrgada): kå̄zȁti
- Chakavian (Orbanići): kāzȁt
- Slovene: kázati, kazáti (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kázati
- Czech: kázat
- Polish: kazać
- Slovak: kázať
- Slovincian: kȧ̃zăc
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: kazać
- Lower Sorbian: kazaś
- Old Czech: kázati
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “каза́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “каза́ться”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 368
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 383, 385
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kazati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 168
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kāzàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222: “v. ‘show’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kazati: kazjǫ kazjetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b? vise (SA 210; PR 136)”