Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/klasti

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/klasti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per LIV, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *klā́ˀtei + *-sti (dʰé-conjugation), perhaps back-formed from the proto dʰi-imperative, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂-. Cognate with ye-presents Lithuanian klóti (“to spread”), Latvian klât (“to cover, spread”). Compare also Lithuanian klõdas (“layer, stratum”).

Dialectal Bulgarian also exhibits reflexes of athematic conjugation клам pf (klam, “to lay down”)[1], of unclear diachronic origin (could be a contraction of кла́вам (klávam)).

Verb

*klàsti impf[2][3][4]

1. to put, to lay, to set down

   Synonyms: *postaviti, *polagati

2. to stack, to pile, to deposit

   Synonyms: (native) *kupiti, *vъložiti

3. (reflexive) (+ *sę) to provide for, to feed (oneself)

Alternative forms

• *kladati

Conjugation

Conjugation of *klasti, *klade, *kladetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kladenьje	*klasti	*klastъ	*kladlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kladenъ	*kladomъ
Active	*kladъ	*klady

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*klad(ox)ъ	*klade	*klade	*kladǫ	*kladeši	*kladetь
Dual	*klad(ox)ově	*klad(e/os)ta	*klad(e/os)te	*kladevě	*kladeta	*kladete
Plural	*klad(ox)omъ	*klad(e/os)te	*kladǫ, *kladošę	*klademъ	*kladete	*kladǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kladěaxъ	*kladěaše	*kladěaše	—	*kladi	*kladi
Dual	*kladěaxově	*kladěašeta	*kladěašete	*kladěvě	*kladěta	—
Plural	*kladěaxomъ	*kladěašete	*kladěaxǫ	*kladěmъ	*kladěte	—

Derived terms

Verbs:

• *doklasti, *dokladati
• *naklasti, *nakladati
• *sъklasti, *sъkladati
• *o(b)klasti, *o(b)kladati
• *orzklasti, *orzkladati
• *perklasti, *perkladati
• *podъklasti, *podъkladati
• *priklasti, *prikladati
• *uklasti, *ukladati
• *vъklasti, *vъkladati
• *zaklasti, *zakladati

Nouns:

• *kladъ (“layout, symbol”)
  • *sъkladъ (“warehouse, storeroom”)
• *klada (“stack”), *kladina (“pile, heap”)
• *kladь (“load”), *klaďa (“provision, setup”)
• *kladьba (verbal noun)
• *kladivo (“provision, hoard”)
• *kladьnъ, *kladьňь (“piled”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: кла́сці (klásci)
  • Russian: класть (klastʹ)
  • Ukrainian: кла́сти (klásty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: класти (klasti)
  • Bulgarian: клада́ (kladá); dial. кла́вам (klávam), кла́жa (kláža)
  • Macedonian: кладе pf (klade) (regionalism), клава impf (klava) (regionalism)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic: кла̏сти
    • Latin: klȁsti
  • Slovene: klásti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: klásti
    • Czech: klást
      • Moravian (Mistřice): ku̯act
  • Polish: kłaść
  • Slovak: klásť

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: clădi (“to build”)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “класть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*klasti, *kladǫ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 187
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “клада́ (гл.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 411
• “kloti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

References

1. Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “клам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 415
2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*klasti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222: “v. ‘put’”
3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “klasti: kladǫ kladetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 208f., 252, 255; PR 139)”
4. Snoj, Marko (2016), “-klȃdati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “od *kla̋sti, sed. *klȃdǫ”