Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kazniti

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kazniti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *kaznь +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*kazniti

1. to punish

Inflection

Conjugation of *kazniti, *kazni, *kaznitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kazňenьje	*kazniti	*kaznitъ	*kaznilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kazňenъ	*kaznimъ
Active	*kazňь	*kaznę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kaznixъ	*kazni	*kazni	*kazňǫ	*kazniši	*kaznitь
Dual	*kaznixově	*kaznista	*kazniste	*kaznivě	*kaznita	*kaznite
Plural	*kaznixomъ	*kazniste	*kaznišę	*kaznimъ	*kaznite	*kaznętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kazňaaxъ	*kazňaaše	*kazňaaše	—	*kazni	*kazni
Dual	*kazňaaxově	*kazňaašeta	*kazňaašete	*kaznivě	*kaznita	—
Plural	*kazňaaxomъ	*kazňaašete	*kazňaaxǫ	*kaznimъ	*kaznite	—

Notes:
• (*)*kaznivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: казни́ть (kaznítʹ)
  • Ukrainian: казни́ти (kaznýty)
• South Slavic
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: казнити (kazniti)

  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ка̏знити

    Latin: kȁzniti

  • Slovene: kazníti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic
  • Czech: káznit
  • Old Polish: kaźnić

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “казни́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress