海原

海原

Chinese

		ocean; sea	former; original; primary former; original; primary; raw; level; cause; source
simp. and trad. (海原)		海	原

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Hǎiyuán

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi² jyun⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Hǎiyuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Hǎiyuán
    • Wade–Giles: Hai³-yüan²
    • Yale: Hǎi-ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Haeyuan
    • Palladius: Хайюань (Xajjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
    • Jyutping: hoi² jyun⁴
    • Yale: hói yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi² jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi² yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 海原 海員／海员

Proper noun

海原

1. (～縣) Haiyuan County (a county of Ningxia, China)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
海	原
Grade: 2	はら > ばら Grade: 2
irregular	kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
海原 (kyūjitai)

⟨unapara⟩ → */unaɸara/ → /unabara/

Originally a compound of 海 (u, compounding form of umi, “sea, ocean”) +‎ な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle, apophonic form of の (no)) +‎ 原 (para, “plain, field”).[1]

The shift to bara occurred in Middle Japanese, an instance of rendaku (連濁).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) うなばら [ùnábárá] (Heiban – [0])[3]
• (Tokyo) うな​ばら [ùnáꜜbàrà] (Nakadaka – [2])[3]
• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝna̠ba̠ɾa̠]

Noun

海原(うなばら) • (unabara) 

1. a wide ocean

Derived terms

• 青(あお)海(うな)原(ばら) (aounabara, “vast blue ocean”)
• 大(おお)海(うな)原(ばら) (ōunabara, “great, vast ocean”)

Proper noun

海原(うなばら) • (Unabara) 

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
海	原
かい Grade: 2	はら > わら Grade: 2
jūbakoyomi

Alternative spelling
海原 (kyūjitai)

Compound of 海 (kai, “sea, ocean”, the on'yomi or Chinese-derived reading) +‎ 原 (hara, “plain, field”, the kun'yomi or native Japanese reading). The shift of medial /h/ to /w/ is a regular sound change in certain compounds.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠iɰᵝa̠ɾa̠]

Proper noun

海(かい)原(わら) • (Kaiwara) ^{←かいはら (kaifara)?}

1. a place name

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Originally a compound of 海 (u, compounding form of umi₁, “sea, ocean”) +‎ な (na, possessive particle, apophonic form of の (no₂)) +‎ 原 (para, “plain, field”).

Noun

海原 (unapara) (kana うなはら)

1. a wide ocean
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 7, poem 1089), text here

     大海爾嶋毛不在爾海原絶塔浪爾立有白雲

     opoumi₁ ni sima mo aranaku ni unapara no tayutapu nami₁ ni tateru sirakumo

     On the vast ocean not a single island in sight and yet, far beyond the rolling surface of the sea, white clouds rising high.[1]

Derived terms

• 靑海原 (awounapara)

Descendants

• Japanese: 海原 (unabara)

Etymology 2

Originally a compound of 海 (u, compounding form of umi₁, “sea, ocean”) +‎ の (no₂, possessive particle) +‎ 原 (para, “plain, field”).

Noun

海原 (uno₂para) (kana うのはら)

1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a wide ocean
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4328), text here

     於保吉美能美許等可之古美伊蘇爾布理宇乃波良和多流知知波波乎於伎弖

     opoki₁mi₁ no₂ miko₂to₂ kasiko₁mi₁ iso₁ ni puri uno₂para wataru titipapa wo oki₁te

     Respectfully accepting the order of the Emperor, I must leave my parents shortly and go, my ship brushing submerged rocks at sea.[2]

References

1. J. Thomas Rimer (2014) Culture and Identity: Japanese Intellectuals during the Interwar Years (Volume 1106 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 294
2. The East, Volumes 25-26, East Publications, original from the University of Virginia, 1989, page 45