< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hiz
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, compound of *ḱe + *ís.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xiz/
Determiner
*hiz
- this
Inflection
Declension of *hiz (irregular)
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *hiz | *hīz | *hijō? | *hijōz | *hit | *hijō |
Accusative | *hinǭ | *hinz | *hijǭ | *hijōz | *hit | *hijō |
Genitive | *hes | *hezǫ̂ | *hezōz | *hezǫ̂ | *hes | *hezǫ̂ |
Dative | *himmai | *himaz | *hezōi | *himaz | *himmai | *himaz |
Instrumental | *hinō | *himiz | *hezō | *himiz | *hinō | *himiz |
Derived terms
- *hidrê
- *hinō dagō
- Proto-West Germanic: *hiu dagu (see *dag for descendants)
- Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰 (himma daga)
Related terms
- *hē₂r
See also
- *iz
- *sa
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hiʀ
- Old English: hē
- Middle English: he, hee, e, a, ho, heo, hie, hye, hæ, hi, hey, ha, ȝe
- English: he
- Scots: he
- Yola: hea, hey, hay, he
- Middle English: he, hee, e, a, ho, heo, hie, hye, hæ, hi, hey, ha, ȝe
- Old Frisian: hī
- North Frisian:
- Most dialects: hi, he
- Halligen: hii
- Saterland Frisian: hie
- West Frisian: hy
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: hē, hī
- Middle Low German: hê, hî
- German Low German: he
- Low German: he
- Middle Low German: hê, hî
- Old Dutch: hie
- Middle Dutch: hi
- Dutch: hij, ie
- Limburgish: hae
- Middle Dutch: hi
- Old High German: her (northern dialects)
- Middle High German: her, *he
- Central Franconian: hä
- Luxembourgish: hien (from the accusative)
- Vilamovian: hār
- Middle High German: her, *he
- Old English: hē
- Proto-Norse: ᚺᛁᚾᛟ (hino) (masculine accusative singular)
- Gothic: *𐌷𐌹𐍃 (*his)
References
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN