cupio
See also: 𐌂𐌖𐌐𐌉𐌏
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *kupiō, from a Proto-Indo-European root akin to *kwep- (“to smoke, boil, move violently”); see also Lithuanian kūpėti (“to boil over”), Old Church Slavonic кꙑпѣти (kypěti, “to boil”), Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, “become agitated, bubbles up”), English hope.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈku.pi.oː/, [ˈkʊpioː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈku.pi.o/, [ˈkuːpio]
Verb
cupiō (present infinitive cupere, perfect active cupīvī or cupiī, supine cupītum); third conjugation iō-variant
- I desire, long for
- Synonyms: requīrō, affectō, aveō, quaerō, studeō, concupiō, indigeō, petō, sitiō, expetō, circumspiciō, spectō, voveō, appetō
- Antonyms: āversor, abhorreō
Conjugation
Conjugation of cupiō (third conjugation iō-variant) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | cupiō | cupis | cupit | cupimus | cupitis | cupiunt |
imperfect | cupiēbam | cupiēbās | cupiēbat | cupiēbāmus | cupiēbātis | cupiēbant | |
future | cupiam | cupiēs | cupiet | cupiēmus | cupiētis | cupient | |
perfect | cupīvī, cupiī | cupīvistī, cupiistī, cupīstī1 | cupīvit, cupiit, cupīt1 | cupīvimus, cupiimus, cupīmus1 | cupīvistis, cupiistis, cupīstis1 | cupīvērunt, cupīvēre, cupiērunt, cupiēre, cupīrunt1 | |
pluperfect | cupīveram, cupieram, cupīram1 | cupīverās, cupierās, cupīrās1 | cupīverat, cupierat, cupīrat1 | cupīverāmus, cupierāmus, cupīrāmus1 | cupīverātis, cupierātis, cupīrātis1 | cupīverant, cupierant, cupīrant1 | |
future perfect | cupīverō, cupierō, cupīrō1 | cupīveris, cupieris, cupīris1 | cupīverit, cupierit, cupīrit1 | cupīverimus, cupierimus, cupīrimus1 | cupīveritis, cupieritis, cupīritis1 | cupīverint, cupierint, cupīrint1 | |
passive | present | cupior | cuperis, cupere | cupitur | cupimur | cupiminī | cupiuntur |
imperfect | cupiēbar | cupiēbāris, cupiēbāre | cupiēbātur | cupiēbāmur | cupiēbāminī | cupiēbantur | |
future | cupiar | cupiēris, cupiēre | cupiētur | cupiēmur | cupiēminī | cupientur | |
perfect | cupītus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | cupītus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | cupītus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | cupiam | cupiās | cupiat | cupiāmus | cupiātis | cupiant |
imperfect | cuperem | cuperēs | cuperet | cuperēmus | cuperētis | cuperent | |
perfect | cupīverim, cupierim, cupīrim1 | cupīverīs, cupierīs, cupīrīs1 | cupīverit, cupierit, cupīrit1 | cupīverīmus, cupierīmus, cupīrīmus1 | cupīverītis, cupierītis, cupīrītis1 | cupīverint, cupierint, cupīrint1 | |
pluperfect | cupīvissem, cupiissem, cupīssem1 | cupīvissēs, cupiissēs, cupīssēs1 | cupīvisset, cupiisset, cupīsset1 | cupīvissēmus, cupiissēmus, cupīssēmus1 | cupīvissētis, cupiissētis, cupīssētis1 | cupīvissent, cupiissent, cupīssent1 | |
passive | present | cupiar | cupiāris, cupiāre | cupiātur | cupiāmur | cupiāminī | cupiantur |
imperfect | cuperer | cuperēris, cuperēre | cuperētur | cuperēmur | cuperēminī | cuperentur | |
perfect | cupītus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | cupītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | cupe | — | — | cupite | — |
future | — | cupitō | cupitō | — | cupitōte | cupiuntō | |
passive | present | — | cupere | — | — | cupiminī | — |
future | — | cupitor | cupitor | — | — | cupiuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | cupere | cupīvisse, cupiisse, cupīsse1 | cupītūrum esse | cupī | cupītum esse | cupītum īrī | |
participles | cupiēns | — | cupītūrus | — | cupītus | cupiendus, cupiundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
cupiendī | cupiendō | cupiendum | cupiendō | cupītum | cupītū |
1At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.
Related terms
- cupiditās
- cupīdō
- cupidus
- cupiēns
- cupītor
Descendants
- Sardinian: cubere
- ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cupīre
References
- “cupio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- cupio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be favourably disposed towards: alicuius causa velle or cupere
- to be favourably disposed towards: alicuius causa velle or cupere