< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mléwHti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative forms
- *mléwh₂ti[1]
Etymology
Athematic root present of the root *mlewH-.
Verb
*mléwHti (imperfective)[2][3]
- to say
Inflection
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *mléwHti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *mluHénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *mléwHmi | *mléwHm̥ | — | *mléwHoh₂ | *mluHyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *mléwHsi | *mléwHs | *mléwH, *mluHdʰí | *mléwHesi | *mluHyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *mléwHti | *mléwHt | *mléwHtu | *mléwHeti | *mluHyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *mluHwós | *mluHwé | — | *mléwHowos | *mluHih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *mluHtés | *mluHtóm | *mluHtóm | *mléwHetes | *mluHih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *mluHtés | *mluHtā́m | *mluHtā́m | *mléwHetes | *mluHih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *mluHmós | *mluHmé | — | *mléwHomos | *mluHih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *mluHté | *mluHté | *mluHté | *mléwHete | *mluHih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *mluHénti | *mluHént | *mluHéntu | *mléwHonti | *mluHih₁ént |
| Participle | *mluHónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *mluHh₂ér | *mluHh₂é | — | *mléwHoh₂er | *mluHih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *mluHth₂ér | *mluHth₂é | *mluHsó | *mléwHeth₂er | *mluHih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *mluHtór, *mluHór | *mluHtó, *mluHó | *? | *mléwHetor | *mluHih₁tó, *mluHih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *mluHwósdʰh₂ | *mluHwédʰh₂ | — | *mléwHowosdʰh₂ | *mluHih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *mluHmósdʰh₂ | *mluHmédʰh₂ | — | *mléwHomosdʰh₂ | *mluHih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *mluHdʰh₂wé | *mluHdʰh₂wé | *mluHdʰh₂wé | *mléwHedʰh₂we | *mluHih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *mluHrór, *mluHn̥tór | *mluHró, *mluHn̥tó | *? | *mléwHoror, *mléwHontor | *mluHih₁ró, *mluHih₁n̥tó |
| Participle | *mluHm̥h₁nós | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *mlъvati
- Old Church Slavonic: млъвати (mlŭvati)
- Proto-Slavic: *mlъvati
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mráwHti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bráwHti
- Sanskrit: ब्रवीति (brávīti), ब्रूते (brūté)
- Proto-Iranian: *mráwHti
- Avestan: 𐬨𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (mraoiti)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bráwHti
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: pälw-
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*mleu̯h2-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 446-447
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Cantera, Alberto (2017–2018), “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Iranian, page 487