Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meyḱ-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meyk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *mey- (“to change”).

Root

*meyḱ- or *meyǵ-[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

to mix

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *meyḱ-

*méyḱ-t ~ *miḱ-ént (root aorist)[2][5]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔμῐκτο (émikto), ἔμειξᾰ (émeixa)
*miḱ-sḱé-ti (*sḱé- inchoative present)[1][2][3][5][6][7]
- Proto-Celtic: *miskati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *miskijaną (< *mihsk-) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μίσγω (mísgō, “mix”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *miśćáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *miśćáti
    - Sanskrit: मिच्छति (miccháti, “to agitate”)
      - ⇒ Sanskrit: मिच्छमान (micchámāna, “agitated”, present mediopassive participle)
  - Proto-Iranian: *āmayxš-, *wimayxš- (< *meyǵ-)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾ(ʾ)myxs-, “to be mixed”) (Manichaean), [script needed] (gwmyxs-, “to be mixed, mingled”) (Manichaean)
    - Parthian: [script needed] (ʾmyxs-, “to be mixed with”), [script needed] (wmyxs-, “to be mixed”)
    - Sogdian: [script needed] (wmxsk)
- Proto-Italic: *mikskō
  - Latin: misceō (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *miḱ-sḱ-
  - *miḱ-sḱ-ó/éh₂- (deverbative from the present)[11][12]
    - Proto-Celtic: *miskos (“mixed, confused”) (see there for further descendants)
    - Proto-Italic:
      - Latin: prōmiscus, prōmiscuus
  - *moyḱ-sḱ-o/eh₂- (o-grade deverbative from the present)[11]
    - Proto-Germanic: *maiskaz (“mixture”), *maiskō (“mixture”), *maiską (“mixture”) (see there for further descendants)
*moyḱ-éye- (causative)[2][8][9]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *máiśīˀtei (see there for further descendants)
*méyḱ-s- (*s- desiderative)[2][5]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μείξω (meíxō, “will mix”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mayćšáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mayṭṣáyati
    - Sanskrit: मेक्षयति (mekṣáyati, “mix”)
*meyḱ-ye- (innovative *ye- present)[2][10]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: miēši (“dilute, mix, ferment, sweeten”)
*mi-né-ḱ- (innovative *né- present)[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: mìšti
*mi-néw-ḱ- (innovative *new- present)[2][5]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μείγνῡμῐ (meígnūmi), μῐ́γνῡμῐ (mígnūmi)
    - Greek: μιγνύω (mignýo)
*méyḱ-tis[11]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *miśtis
  - Lithuanian: mìšti
- Proto-Hellenic: *míktis
  - Ancient Greek: μῐ́ξῐς (míxis, “mixing”) (also μῖξῐς (mîxis) and μεῖξῐς (meîxis) by analogy)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *míštiš
  - Proto-Iranian: *míštiš
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬨𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌‎ (mišti, “confusedly”)
*miḱ-rós[11]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *miśras
  - Lithuanian: mìšras (“mixed”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mićrás (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mayȷ́-
  - Proto-Iranian: *āmayj-, *Hwimayȷ́-
    - (possibly) Ossetian:
      - Digor: ызмис (yzmis, “sand”)
      - Iron: ӕзменсӕ (æzmensæ, “sand”)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾmyc- /āmēz-/, “to mix”), [script needed] (gwmyc- /gumēz-/, “to mix, mingle”), [script needed] (ʾmyc /āmiz/, “a certain dish containing game meat”, literally “mixture”),[4] [script needed] (ʾ(ʾ)myz-, “to mix”) (Manichaean) (see there for further descendants)
      - Persian: آمیختن‎ (âmixtan, “to mix”), آمیغ‎ (âmeğ, “mixture”)
    - Parthian: [script needed] (ʾmyj- /āmēž-/, “to mix”)
    - Proto-Kurdish:
      - Central Kurdish: ئامێژەن‎ (amêjen, “mixing”)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 714
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 428
Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 261
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “ամիճ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μείγνυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 919-920
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*miskan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “misceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300
Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 313
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317
Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 481-482
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 273

[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 714

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 428

[C-3] Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 261

[HAB-4] Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “ամիճ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press

[Beekes-5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μείγνυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 919-920

[Kroonen-6] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*miskan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370

[DV-7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “misceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382

[D_maisyti-8] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300

[D_mesiti-9] Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 313

[D_miesti-10] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317

[LIN-11] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 481-482

[Mata-12] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 273