時雨

時雨

See also: 时雨

Chinese

		o'clock; time; when o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period	rain
trad. (時雨)		時	雨
simp. (时雨)		时	雨

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shíyǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄩˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si⁴ jyu⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shíyǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄩˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhyǔ
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-yü³
    • Yale: shŕ-yǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyryeu
    • Palladius: шиюй (šijuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: si⁴ jyu⁵
    • Yale: sìh yúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si⁴ jy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi⁴ yu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː²¹ jyː¹³/

Noun

時雨

1. timely rain

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (時雨):

• → Japanese: 時雨(じう) (jiu)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
時	雨
しぐれ
Grade: 2	Grade: 1
jukujikun

From Old Japanese.

The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 時雨る (shiguru), modern 時雨れる (shigureru, “to rain a shower”).

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 時雨.

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
• (Tokyo) しぐれ [shìgúré] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɕiɡɯ̟ᵝɾe̞]

Noun

時雨(しぐれ) • (shigure) 

1. a rainshower in late summer, autumn, or winter
   • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 1)[2]

     𩅧雨　孫愐曰：「𩅧雨小雨也。」音與終同。漢鈔云：［之久禮］

     Drizzle - Sun Mian said: drizzle is a light rain. The pronunciation is the same with 終 (shū). A Han banknote reads “shigure”.

2. (by extension, figurative) shedding tears
3. Short for 時雨煮 (shigureni), 時雨羹 (shigurekan), 時雨饅頭 (shigure manjū), etc.
4. Short for 時雨蛤 (shigure hamaguri): clams cooked in the shigureni method with soy sauce; a specialty of Kuwana, Mie Prefecture

Usage notes

As a 季語 (kigo, “seasonal word”), originally referred to rainshowers in late autumn to early winter. The extension to include late summer and the whole of autumn is only attested between the compilation of the Kokin and Kin'yō Wakashū. Today, shigure only refers to a winter rainshower.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 時雨(しぐれ)羹(かん) (shigurekan)
• 時雨(しぐれ)忌(き) (Shigureki)
• 時雨(しぐれ)月(づき) (shigurezuki)
• 時雨(しぐれ)煮(に) (shigureni)
• 時雨(しぐれ)饅頭(まんじゅう) (shigure manjū)
• 時雨(しぐれ)模様(もよう) (shigure moyō)
• 笠(かさ)時雨(しぐれ) (kasa-shigure)
• 黄身(きみ)時雨(しぐれ) (kimi shigure)
• 小夜(さよ)時雨(しぐれ) (sayo shigure)
• 蝉(せみ)時雨(しぐれ) (semi-shigure)
• 月(つき)時雨(しぐれ) (tsuki shigure)
• 初(はつ)時雨(しぐれ) (hatsushigure)
• 春(はる)時雨(しぐれ) (haru shigure)
• 村(むら)時雨(しぐれ), 群(むら)時雨(しぐれ), 叢(むら)時雨(しぐれ) (murashigure)

Verb

時雨(しぐれ)する • (shigure suru) suru (stem 時雨(しぐれ)し (shigure shi), past 時雨(しぐれ)した (shigure shita))

1. to rain a shower
2. to shed tears

Conjugation

Conjugation of "時雨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	時雨し	しぐれし	shigure shi
Continuative (連用形)	時雨し	しぐれし	shigure shi
Terminal (終止形)	時雨する	しぐれする	shigure suru
Attributive (連体形)	時雨する	しぐれする	shigure suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	時雨すれ	しぐれすれ	shigure sure
Imperative (命令形)	時雨せよ¹ 時雨しろ²	しぐれせよ¹ しぐれしろ²	shigure seyo¹ shigure shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	時雨される	しぐれされる	shigure sareru
Causative	時雨させる 時雨さす	しぐれさせる しぐれさす	shigure saseru shigure sasu
Potential	時雨できる	しぐれできる	shigure dekiru
Volitional	時雨しよう	しぐれしよう	shigure shiyō
Negative	時雨しない	しぐれしない	shigure shinai
Negative continuative	時雨せず	しぐれせず	shigure sezu
Formal	時雨します	しぐれします	shigure shimasu
Perfective	時雨した	しぐれした	shigure shita
Conjunctive	時雨して	しぐれして	shigure shite
Hypothetical conditional	時雨すれば	しぐれすれば	shigure sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Proper noun

時雨(しぐれ) • (Shigure) 

1. name of an 泡盛 (awamori, “Okinawan liquor made from rice or millet”)
2. a Shiratsuyu-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, see Japanese destroyer Shigure (1935) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
3. a female given name
4. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
時	雨
じ Grade: 2	う Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 時雨 (MC d͡ʑɨ ɦɨo^X). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) じ​う [jíꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [(d͡)ʑiɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

時(じ)雨(う) • (jiu) 

1. timely or seasonable rain
2. Same as しぐれ (shigure) above

Derived terms

• 時雨(じう)の化(か) (jiu no ka)

Proper noun

時(じ)雨(う) • (Jiu) 

1. a female given name

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. “時雨”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984

Further reading

• Etymology entry for 時雨 (shigure) on Gogen-Yurai Jiten (Etymology and Origin Dictionary; in Japanese): http://gogen-allguide.com/si/shigure.html

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Old Japanese

Etymology

The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 時雨る (siguru, “to rain a shower”).

Noun

時雨 (sigure) (kana しぐれ)

1. a rainshower in late autumn or early winter
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 10, poem 2214), text here

     夕去者鴈之越徃龍田山四具礼尓競色付尓家里

     yupu sareba kari no₂ koyeyuku Tatuta-yama sigure ni ki₁popi₁ iro₂duki₁nike₁ri

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   Synonym: 時雨の雨 (sigure no₂ ame₂)

Descendants

• Japanese: 時雨 (shigure), 時雨れる (shigureru)