密

See also: 宻

密	U+5BC6, 密 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BC6

← 寅
[U+5BC5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

寇 →
[U+5BC7]

Translingual

Han character

密 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十心竹山 (JPHU), four-corner 3077₃, composition ⿱宓山)

References

KangXi: page 288, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7205

Dae Jaweon: page 570, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 940, character 6

Unihan data for U+5BC6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		密
2nd round simp.		宓
alternative forms		宻宓𡶇𢛬𧶡宻宓𡶇𢛬𧶡𡪖

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (必) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
泌	mpriɡs, priɡ, *bliɡ
秘	*mpriɡs
毖	*priɡs
閟	*priɡs
柲	priɡs, bliːɡ, priɡ, bliɡ
鉍	priɡs, priɡ
邲	priɡs, bliɡ, *briɡ
覕	pliŋs, mbliːɡ
咇	bliːɡ, priɡ, *bliɡ
苾	bliːɡ, bliɡ
馝	bliːɡ, bliɡ
飶	bliːɡ, bliɡ
鴓	*mbliːɡ
鮅	pliɡ, bliɡ
必	*pliɡ
珌	*pliɡ
佖	bliɡ, briɡ
駜	bliɡ, briɡ
怭	*bliɡ
妼	*bliɡ
宓	mriɡ, mliɡ
樒	*mriɡ
密	*mriɡ
蔤	*mriɡ
滵	*mriɡ
蜜	*mliɡ
謐	*mliɡ
榓	*mliɡ
淧	*mliɡ
瑟	smriɡ, smriɡ
璱	*sriɡ
飋	*sriɡ
虙	*blɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mriɡ) : phonetic 宓 (OC *mriɡ, *mliɡ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”) – hidden in the mountains, secret, intimate. Note that 宓 means “secret”, which reinforces this.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “←→秘?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mì (mi⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ми (mi, II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): mat⁶
(Taishan, Wiktionary): mit⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): me̍t
(Meixian, Guangdong): mêd⁶
Min Bei (KCR): mĭ
Min Dong (BUC): mĭk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bi̍t / ba̍t / bā
(Teochew, Peng'im): mig⁸ / bhag⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): miq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mì
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mì
  - Wade–Giles: mi⁴
  - Yale: mì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih
  - Palladius: ми (mi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ми (mi, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mat⁶
  - Yale: maht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: med⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐt̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mit⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbit̚³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: med
  - Hagfa Pinyim: med⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /met̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mêd⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /mɛt̚⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bi̍t
  - Tâi-lô: bi̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bit
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bit̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bit̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /bit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ba̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bat
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /bat̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bā
  - Tâi-lô: bā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ba
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ba³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ba²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ba⁴¹/

Note:

bi̍t - literary;
ba̍t/bā - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mig⁸ / bhag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mi̍k / ba̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mik̚⁴/, /bak̚⁴/

Note:

mig8 - literary;
bhag8 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: miq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɪʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: /mˠiɪt̚/

Rime
Character	密
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	眞 (49)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	美畢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjit̚/
Li Rong	/mjĕt̚/
Wang Li	/mĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mri[t]/
(Zhengzhang): /*mriɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	密
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mì
Middle Chinese	‹ mit ›
Old Chinese	/*mri[t]/
English	dense
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	密
Reading #	1/1
No.	591
Phonetic component	必
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	密
Old Chinese	/*mriɡ/

Definitions

密

dense; thick; close
intimate; close
secret; confidential; concealed
meticulous; fine; careful
^† calm; quiet; tranquil
(Internet slang) to DM; to send a direct message
33rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "closeness" (𝌦)
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 密

三密
不密 (bùmì)
事以密成
交通密度
人口密度 (rénkǒu mìdù)
仔密
保密 (bǎomì)
告密 (gàomì)
告密人
周密 (zhōumì)
哈密 (Hāmì)
哈密瓜 (hāmìguā)
城府深密
失密
守密
宥密
密不可分 (mìbùkěfēn)
密令 (mìlìng)
密件 (mìjiàn)
密使 (mìshǐ)
密保
密信 (mìxìn)
密函
密切 (mìqiè)
密勿
密匝匝 (mìzāzā)
密友 (mìyǒu)
密召
密合 (mìhé)
密告 (mìgào)
密商 (mìshāng)
密地
密奏 (mìzòu)
密宗 (mìzōng)
密室 (mìshì)
密密 (mìmì)
密密切切
密密匝匝 (mìmìzāzā)
密密麻麻 (mìmimámá)
密封 (mìfēng)
密屋
密布 (mìbù)
密幄
密度 (mìdù)
密意
密捉
密探 (mìtàn)
密接 (mìjiē)
密支那 (Mìzhīnà)
密斯
密斯得
密斯忒
密斯特
密旨
密昔司
密昔斯
密林 (mìlín)
密查
密植 (mìzhí)
密歇斯
密涅瓦 (Mìnièwǎ)
密看
密章
密航

密西根州
密西根湖
密送 (mìsòng)
密集 (mìjí)
密集部署
密雨
居住密度
峻密
慎密 (shènmì)
明密
柔情密意
款密
百密一疏
碎密
稠密 (chóumì)
精密 (jīngmì)
精密度 (jīngmìdù)
精密陶瓷
繁密 (fánmì)
背密
致密 (zhìmì)
茂密 (màomì)
迷密
遏密
邃密
阿提密斯
靡密
密昵
人煙稠密／人烟稠密 (rényānchóumì)
低聲密語／低声密语
保密軍官／保密军官
保密防諜／保密防谍
勞力密集／劳力密集
叢密／丛密
嚴密／严密 (yánmì)
密不透風／密不透风
密不通風／密不通风
密侖／密仑
密克羅尼西亞／密克罗尼西亚 (Mìkèluóníxīyà)
密切追隨／密切追随
密勿從事／密勿从事
密司脫／密司脱
密報／密报 (mìbào)
密密叢叢／密密丛丛
密密層層／密密层层
密實／密实 (mìshí)
密寫／密写
密封遺囑／密封遗嘱
密度指數／密度指数
密書／密书 (mìshū)
密會／密会 (mìhuì)
密爾／密尔 (mì'ěr)
密碼／密码 (mìmǎ)
密約／密约 (mìyuē)
密網／密网
密緻／密致
密續／密续
密蘇里州／密苏里州
密蘇里河／密苏里河
密親／密亲
密訊／密讯
密訪／密访 (mìfǎng)
密詔／密诏 (mìzhào)
密語／密语 (mìyǔ)

密談／密谈 (mìtán)
密諭／密谕 (mìyù)
密謀／密谋 (mìmóu)
密議／密议 (mìyì)
密跡金剛／密迹金刚
密邇／密迩
密醫／密医
密鑼緊鼓／密锣紧鼓 (mìluójǐngǔ)
密閉／密闭 (mìbì)
密雲／密云 (mìyún)
密雲不雨／密云不雨
密電／密电 (mìdiàn)
密點地圖／密点地图
幽期密約／幽期密约
戰雲密布／战云密布
戰雲濃密／战云浓密
文深網密／文深网密
樞密／枢密 (shūmì)
樞密使／枢密使 (shūmìshǐ)
樞密院／枢密院 (shūmìyuàn)
機事不密／机事不密
機密／机密 (jīmì)
機密大事／机密大事
機密文件／机密文件
機謀不密／机谋不密 (jīmóu bùmì)
洩密／泄密 (xièmì)
濃密／浓密 (nóngmì)
濃雲密布／浓云密布
烏雲密布／乌云密布 (wūyúnmìbù)
珍藏密斂／珍藏密敛
祕密／秘密
祕密交易／秘密交易
祕密外交／秘密外交
祕密社會／秘密社会
祕密結社／秘密结社
祕密證人／秘密证人
祕密警察／秘密警察
祕密選舉／秘密选举
細密／细密 (xìmì)
細密畫／细密画
細針密縷／细针密缕
絕密／绝密 (juémì)
綿密／绵密 (miánmì)
綿密小巧／绵密小巧
緊密／紧密 (jǐnmì)
緊鑼密鼓／紧锣密鼓 (jǐnluómìgǔ)
緻密／致密 (zhìmì)
縝密／缜密 (zhěnmì)
纖密／纤密
衷腸密語／衷肠密语
親密／亲密 (qīnmì)
親密無間／亲密无间
詞嚴義密／词严义密
詳密／详密 (xiángmì)
謹密／谨密
軍事機密／军事机密
退藏於密／退藏于密
過從甚密／过从甚密
達拉密／达拉密
邁阿密／迈阿密 (Mài'āmì)
那密比亞／那密比亚
閨中密友／闺中密友 (guīzhōng mìyǒu)
阿薩密省／阿萨密省
隱密／隐密 (yǐnmì)

Descendants

→ Thai: มิด (mít)

Japanese

Kanji

密

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

density
secrecy
carefulness

Readings

Go-on: みつ (mitsu, Jōyō)^{←みつ (mitu, historical)}; みち (michi)^{←みち (miti, historical)}
Kan-on: びつ (bitsu)^{←びつ (bitu, historical)}
Kun: ひそか (hisoka, 密か); ひそやか (hisoyaka, 密やか); みそか (misoka, 密か)

Compounds

密(みっ)教(きょう) (mikkyō, “esoteric Buddhism”)
密(みっ)航(こう) (mikkō, “smuggling”)
密(みっ)告(こく) (mikkoku, “tipoff”)
密(みっ)室(しつ) (misshitsu, “hidden room”)
密(みっ)接(せつ) (missetsu, “close relationship”)
密(みつ)談(だん) (mitsudan, “secret conversation”)
密(みっ)着(ちゃく) (mitchaku, “being adhered to”)
密(みつ)入(にゅう)国(こく) (mitsunyūkoku, “illegal immigration”)
密(みっ)封(ぷう) (mippū, “sealing”)
密(みつ)輸(ゆ) (mitsuyu, “smuggling”)
密(みつ)猟(りょう) (mitsuryō, “poaching”)
秘(ひ)密(みつ) (himitsu, “secret”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
密
みつ Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 密 (MC mˠiɪt̚).

First cited to a text from 1092.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) みつ [míꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
IPA^(key): [mʲit͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

密(みつ) • (mitsu)

something without breaks or openings, something dense
a secret, (especially) something done secretly
Synonym: 秘密 (himitsu)
(Buddhism) the teachings of esoteric Buddhism
Synonym: 密教 (mikkyō)

Adjective

密(みつ) • (mitsu) -na (adnominal 密(みつ)な (mitsu na), adverbial 密(みつ)に (mitsu ni))

dense, without breaks or openings
meticulous, carefully done, scrupulous
密(みつ)な計(けい)画(かく)
mitsu na keikaku
a meticulous schedule
(of relations among people) close, familiar, intimate
Synonym: 深い (fukai)
密(みつ)な間(あいだ)柄(がら)
mitsu na aidagara
familiar terms, intimate relations

Inflection

Inflection of 密

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	密だろ	みつだろ	mitsu daro
Continuative (連用形)	密で	みつで	mitsu de
Terminal (終止形)	密だ	みつだ	mitsu da
Attributive (連体形)	密な	みつな	mitsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	密なら	みつなら	mitsu nara
Imperative (命令形)	密であれ	みつであれ	mitsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	密ではない密じゃない	みつではないみつじゃない	mitsu de wa nai mitsu ja nai
Informal past	密だった	みつだった	mitsu datta
Informal negative past	密ではなかった密じゃなかった	みつではなかったみつじゃなかった	mitsu de wa nakatta mitsu ja nakatta
Formal	密です	みつです	mitsu desu
Formal negative	密ではありません密じゃありません	みつではありませんみつじゃありません	mitsu de wa arimasen mitsu ja arimasen
Formal past	密でした	みつでした	mitsu deshita
Formal negative past	密ではありませんでした密じゃありませんでした	みつではありませんでしたみつじゃありませんでした	mitsu de wa arimasen deshita mitsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	密で	みつで	mitsu de
Conditional	密なら（ば）	みつなら（ば）	mitsu nara (ba)
Provisional	密だったら	みつだったら	mitsu dattara
Volitional	密だろう	みつだろう	mitsu darō
Adverbial	密に	みつに	mitsu ni
Degree	密さ	みつさ	mitsusa

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

密 (eumhun 빽빽할 밀 (ppaekppaekhal mil))

Hanja form^? of 밀 (“dense”).

Compounds

밀수 (密輸, milsu, “smuggling”)
밀도 (密度, mildo, “density”)
밀봉 (密封, milbong, “sealing”)
밀접 (密接, miljeop, “being closely connected; being related”)
과밀 (過密, gwamil, “(demography) overcrowding, crowded ”)
비밀 (秘密, bimil, “secret”)
긴밀 (緊密, ginmil, “closeness, tightness”)
치밀 (緻密, chimil, “precision, minuteness, accuracy”)

Vietnamese

Han character

密: Hán Nôm readings: mật, mất

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN