нищя
Bulgarian
Etymology 1
Inchoative counterpart of akin ни́тя (nítja) (from Proto-Slavic *nititi (“to thread”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈniʃtʲə]
Verb
ни́щя • (níštja) impf
- (transitive, intransitive) to process or unprocess thread
- Synonyms: дя́на (djána), мъ́кна (mǎ́kna), (dialectal) со́вам (sóvam)
- ни́щя низ (transitive) ― níštja niz ― to tread line of strand
- ни́щя цял час (intransitive) ― níštja cjal čas ― to perform threading for a whole hour
- (transitive) to comb or unstitch (filaments)
- Synonym: че́пкам (čépkam)
- (figuratively, transitive) to analyze, to go over (problem, quandary)
- Synonym: анализи́рам (analizíram)
- (reflexive) (~ се) to get unstitched (of fabric)
Conjugation
Conjugation of ни́щя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ни́щещ níštešt | ни́щил, нищи́л1 níštil, ništíl1 | ни́щел níštel | ни́щен níšten | ни́щейки níštejki | |
| definite subject form | ни́щещият níšteštijat | ни́щилият, нищи́лият1 níštilijat, ništílijat1 | — | ни́щеният níštenijat | |||
| definite object form | ни́щещия níšteštija | ни́щилия, нищи́лия1 níštilija, ništílija1 | — | ни́щения níštenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ни́щеща níštešta | ни́щила, нищи́ла1 níštila, ništíla1 | ни́щела níštela | ни́щена níštena | ||
| definite | ни́щещата níšteštata | ни́щилата, нищи́лата1 níštilata, ništílata1 | — | ни́щената níštenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ни́щещо níštešto | ни́щило, нищи́ло1 níštilo, ništílo1 | ни́щело níštelo | ни́щено níšteno | ни́щене níštene | |
| definite | ни́щещото níšteštoto | ни́щилото, нищи́лото1 níštiloto, ništíloto1 | — | ни́щеното níštenoto | ни́щенето níšteneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ни́щещи níštešti | ни́щили, нищи́ли1 níštili, ništíli1 | ни́щели níšteli | ни́щени níšteni | ни́щения, ни́щенета níštenija, níšteneta | |
| definite | ни́щещите níšteštite | ни́щилите, нищи́лите1 níštilite, ništílite1 | — | ни́щените níštenite | ни́щенията, ни́щенетата níštenijata, níštenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ни́щя níštja | ни́щиш níštiš | ни́щи níšti | ни́щим níštim | ни́щите níštite | ни́щят níštjat | |
| imperfect | ни́щех níšteh | ни́щеше níšteše | ни́щеше níšteše | ни́щехме níštehme | ни́щехте níštehte | ни́щеха níšteha | |
| aorist | ни́щих, нищи́х1 níštih, ništíh1 | ни́щи, нищи́1 níšti, niští1 | ни́щи, нищи́1 níšti, niští1 | ни́щихме, нищи́хме1 níštihme, ništíhme1 | ни́щихте, нищи́хте1 níštihte, ništíhte1 | ни́щиха, нищи́ха1 níštiha, ništíha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| нищи́ niští | нище́те ništéte | ||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
- вни́щя pf (vníštja), вни́щвам impf (vníštvam, “to get into”) (dialectal, figurative)
- изни́щя pf (izníštja), изни́щвам impf (izníštvam)
- нани́щя pf (naníštja), нани́щвам impf (naníštvam)
- разни́щя pf (razníštja), разни́щвам impf (razníštvam)
- ни́щелка (níštelka, “part of loom, which controls the thread”)
Related terms
- ни́жа (níža, “to string”)
- ни́ча (níča) (dialectal), ни́кна (níkna, “to germinate, to sprout”)
- ни́шка (níška, “thread”)
References
- нищя in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
- нищя in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)
- Georgiev Vl. I., Duridanov I., editors (1995), “нищя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 668
- Nayden Gerov (1899), “ни́щѭ, -ишь; -щи́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 277
Etymology 2
Standardized form of dial. нищим (ništim) (Western dialects), ни́щам (níštam) (Rupian dialects), causative from нищ (ništ, “deprived, destitute”) or ни́що (níšto, “nothing”).
Verb
ни́щя • (níštja) impf
- (transitive, dialectal) to obliterate, to wreck, to destroy
Alternative forms
- ни́щим (níštim), ни́щам (níštam) (dialectal, with athematic endings)
Conjugation
Conjugation of ни́щя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ни́щещ níštešt | ни́щил, нищи́л1 níštil, ništíl1 | ни́щел níštel | ни́щен níšten | ни́щейки níštejki | |
| definite subject form | ни́щещият níšteštijat | ни́щилият, нищи́лият1 níštilijat, ništílijat1 | — | ни́щеният níštenijat | |||
| definite object form | ни́щещия níšteštija | ни́щилия, нищи́лия1 níštilija, ništílija1 | — | ни́щения níštenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ни́щеща níštešta | ни́щила, нищи́ла1 níštila, ništíla1 | ни́щела níštela | ни́щена níštena | ||
| definite | ни́щещата níšteštata | ни́щилата, нищи́лата1 níštilata, ništílata1 | — | ни́щената níštenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ни́щещо níštešto | ни́щило, нищи́ло1 níštilo, ništílo1 | ни́щело níštelo | ни́щено níšteno | ни́щене níštene | |
| definite | ни́щещото níšteštoto | ни́щилото, нищи́лото1 níštiloto, ništíloto1 | — | ни́щеното níštenoto | ни́щенето níšteneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ни́щещи níštešti | ни́щили, нищи́ли1 níštili, ništíli1 | ни́щели níšteli | ни́щени níšteni | ни́щения, ни́щенета níštenija, níšteneta | |
| definite | ни́щещите níšteštite | ни́щилите, нищи́лите1 níštilite, ništílite1 | — | ни́щените níštenite | ни́щенията, ни́щенетата níštenijata, níštenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ни́щя níštja | ни́щиш níštiš | ни́щи níšti | ни́щим níštim | ни́щите níštite | ни́щят níštjat | |
| imperfect | ни́щех níšteh | ни́щеше níšteše | ни́щеше níšteše | ни́щехме níštehme | ни́щехте níštehte | ни́щеха níšteha | |
| aorist | ни́щих, нищи́х1 níštih, ništíh1 | ни́щи, нищи́1 níšti, niští1 | ни́щи, нищи́1 níšti, niští1 | ни́щихме, нищи́хме1 níštihme, ništíhme1 | ни́щихте, нищи́хте1 níštihte, ništíhte1 | ни́щиха, нищи́ха1 níštiha, ništíha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щел m, ни́щела f, ни́щело n, or ни́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ни́щил/нищи́л1 m, ни́щила/нищи́ла1 f, ни́щило/нищи́ло1 n, or ни́щили/нищи́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| нищи́ niští | нище́те ništéte | ||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Related terms
- унищожа́ pf (uništožá), унищожа́вам (uništožávam, “to extinguish, to annihilate”)
- нищу́вам (ništúvam), нищенству́вам (ništenstvúvam, “to live in poverty”) (dated)
- нищета́ (ništetá, “destitution, poverty”)
References
- Georgiev Vl. I., Duridanov I., editors (1995), “нищим (диал.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 667