< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/līkijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *-līkaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈliː.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*līkijaną
- to conform, to be of an agreeable kind
- to please, to be pleasing (to +dative)
Inflection
Conjugation of *līkijaną (weak class 3 in -ja-)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *līkijō | *līkijaų | — | — | — |
| 2nd singular | *līkaisi | *līkijais | *līkai | — | — |
| 3rd singular | *līkaiþi | *līkijai | *līkijaþau | — | — |
| 1st dual | *līkijōs | *līkijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *līkijaþiz | *līkijaiþiz | *līkijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *līkijamaz | *līkijaim | — | — | — |
| 2nd plural | *līkaiþ | *līkijaiþ | *līkaiþ | — | — |
| 3rd plural | *līkijanþi | *līkijain | *līkijanþau | — | — |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *līkdǭ | *līkdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *līkdēz | *līkdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *līkdē | *līkdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *līkdēdū | *līkdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *līkdēdudiz | *līkdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *līkdēdum | *līkdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *līkdēdud | *līkdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *līkdēdun | *līkdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *līkijandz | *līkdaz | |||
Usage notes
Judging from Gothic evidence, the difference between this verb and the derived verb *galīkijaną seems to have only been one of transitivity. The former could take an object in the dative, while the latter was intransitive only. Other than that the meanings were pretty much identical.
Derived terms
- *galīkijaną
Descendants
- Old English: līcian
- Middle English: liken, lyken
- Scots: like
- English: like
- Welsh: leicio
- German: liken
- Dutch: liken
- French: liker
- Spanish: likear
- Middle English: liken, lyken
- Old Frisian: līkia
- Saterland Frisian: liekje
- West Frisian: lykje
- Old Saxon: līkōn
- Middle Low German: liken
- Low German: lieken
- Middle Low German: liken
- Old Dutch: līcon
- Middle Dutch: liken
- Dutch: lijken
- Middle Dutch: liken
- Old High German: līhhēn
- Middle High German: līchen
- German: leichen
- Middle High German: līchen
- Old Norse: líka
- Icelandic: líka
- Faroese: líka
- Norwegian: like
- Swedish: lika
- Danish: lige (archaic)
- Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (leikan)