< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dweh₂rós
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *dweh₂- + *-rós.
Adjective
*dweh₂rós[1][2]
- long
- far away
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *dweh₂rós | *dweh₂réh₂ | |
| genitive | *dweh₂rósyo | *dweh₂réh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dweh₂rós | *dweh₂róh₁ | *dweh₂róes |
| vocative | *dweh₂ré | *dweh₂róh₁ | *dweh₂róes |
| accusative | *dweh₂róm | *dweh₂róh₁ | *dweh₂róms |
| genitive | *dweh₂rósyo | *? | *dweh₂róHom |
| ablative | *dweh₂réad | *? | *dweh₂rómos |
| dative | *dweh₂róey | *? | *dweh₂rómos |
| locative | *dweh₂réy, *dweh₂róy | *? | *dweh₂róysu |
| instrumental | *dweh₂róh₁ | *? | *dweh₂rṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dweh₂réh₂ | *dweh₂réh₂h₁(e) | *dweh₂réh₂es |
| vocative | *dweh₂réh₂ | *dweh₂réh₂h₁(e) | *dweh₂réh₂es |
| accusative | *dweh₂rā́m | *dweh₂réh₂h₁(e) | *dweh₂réh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *dweh₂réh₂s | *? | *dweh₂réh₂oHom |
| ablative | *dweh₂réh₂s | *? | *dweh₂réh₂mos |
| dative | *dweh₂réh₂ey | *? | *dweh₂réh₂mos |
| locative | *dweh₂réh₂, *dweh₂réh₂i | *? | *dweh₂réh₂su |
| instrumental | *dweh₂réh₂h₁ | *? | *dweh₂réh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dweh₂róm | *dweh₂róy(h₁) | *dweh₂réh₂ |
| vocative | *dweh₂róm | *dweh₂róy(h₁) | *dweh₂réh₂ |
| accusative | *dweh₂róm | *dweh₂róy(h₁) | *dweh₂réh₂ |
| genitive | *dweh₂rósyo | *? | *dweh₂róHom |
| ablative | *dweh₂réad | *? | *dweh₂rómos |
| dative | *dweh₂róey | *? | *dweh₂rómos |
| locative | *dweh₂réy, *dweh₂róy | *? | *dweh₂róysu |
| instrumental | *dweh₂róh₁ | *? | *dweh₂rṓys |
Alternative reconstructions
- *duh₂-ró-s[3][2]
Descendants
- Proto-Armenian:[4][5]
- Old Armenian: երկար (erkar)
- Armenian: երկար (erkar)
- →? Mingrelian: რიჸალი (riʾali)
- Old Armenian: երկար (erkar)
- Proto-Hellenic: *dwārós[6][1]
- Ancient Greek: δηρός (dērós)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *duHrás (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *dūros[7]
- Latin: dūrus (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Latin: dūrō (see there for further descendants)
- Latin: dūrus (see there for further descendants)
References
- Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 232
- Vine, Brent (2002), “On full-grade *-ro- formations in Greek and Indo-European”, in Southern, Mark R. V., editor, Indo-European Perspectives, Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “3. deu-, deu̯ə-, du̯ā-, dū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 219-220: “dū-ro-s”
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 266
- Macak, Martin (2017–2018), “Chapter X: Armenian”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Classical Armenian, page 1050: “*du̯éh₂-ro-”
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δηρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 326-327
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “dūrus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 184