cimds

cimds

Latvian

Cimdi

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *kimdas (possibly conserved for a while in Lithuanian, but later lost), an old word, widely borrowed into Baltic-Finnic languages: compare Finnish kinnas (genitive kintaan), Estonian kinnas (genitive kinda), Veps kindas, kindaz, Livonian kindas, k'indaz. Some researchers derive *kimdas from an old Proto-Baltic verb *kimti (“to press, to shove, to thrust”), from Proto-Baltic *kim-, from the zero grade *km̥- of Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“to press together; to hinder, to hamper”); the original meaning of cimds would be, in this case, “that in which one shoves one's hands,” or “that which presses one's hands.” Others, however, derive cimds from Proto-Baltic *šim- (with the expected Latvian reflex *sim- changing to *cim- via original or dialectal variation, as with, e.g., saukt : kaukt), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“to cover”) (whence German Hemd). It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *kem- and *ḱem- were variants of a single stem, with differentiated semantics.[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tsìmts]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

cimds m (1st declension)

1. glove (item of clothing that covers one's hands)

   labās rokas cimds ― right-hand glove

   kreisās rokas cimds ― left-hand glove

   cimdu pāris ― a pair of gloves

   pirkstaini, dūraini cimdi ― mittens (lit. fingered gloves)

   tamborēti cimdi ― crocheted gloves

   kaprona, gumija cimdi ― nylon, rubber gloves

   boksa cimdi ― boxing gloves

   darba cimdi ― work gloves

   garie cimdi ― long gloves (to the elbow; worn by women)

   ķirurģiskie cimdi ― surgical gloves (worn by surgeons)

   cimda pirksts ― glove finger

   uzvilkt, novilkt cimdus ― to put on, to take off gloves

   adīt cimdus ― to knit gloves

Declension

Declension of cimds (1st declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	cimds	cimdi
accusative (akuzatīvs)	cimdu	cimdus
genitive (ģenitīvs)	cimda	cimdu
dative (datīvs)	cimdam	cimdiem
instrumental (instrumentālis)	cimdu	cimdiem
locative (lokatīvs)	cimdā	cimdos
vocative (vokatīvs)	cimd	cimdi

Synonyms

• (of "mitten"): dūrainis, pirkstainis

Derived terms

• cimdots

References

1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “cimds”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN