雒越

雒越

Chinese

		black horse with white mane; fearful	to exceed; to climb over; to surpass to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more ... the more
simp. and trad. (雒越)		雒	越
alternative forms		駱越／骆越 貉越 uncommon

Etymology

雒 (OC *rak) here results from the monosyllabification of the areal ethnonym *b.rak or *p.rak by loss of the first element in the iambic cluster; the same ethnonym is used by the Wa people, a Khmu subgroup and possibly the Bai, and may be the same as the first syllable in 百越 (OC *praːɡ ɢʷad, “Baiyue”), later construed as meaning “hundred” (Ferlus, 2009).

Ferlus (2011) links said phonograms to etymon *p.rak "taro > edible tuber" (Norquest (2020) reconstructs Proto-Kra-Dai *pəˀrˠáːk), which is reflected in Kra-Dai words like Baha [script needed] (pɣaːk) or Thai เผือก (pʉ̀ʉak) (from Proto-Tai *pʰrɨak in Ferlus's reconstruction or *prɯəkᴰ in Pittayaporn's 2009 reconstruction); he proposes that the areal ethnonym *b.rak or *p.rak was used by rice growers to designate taro-growing horticulturists.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Luòyuè

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lok³ jyut⁶, lok⁶ jyut⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Luòyuè
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Luòyuè
    • Wade–Giles: Lo⁴-yüeh⁴
    • Yale: Lwò-ywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Luohyueh
    • Palladius: Лоюэ (Lojue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lwɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lok³ jyut⁶, lok⁶ jyut⁶
    • Yale: lok yuht, lohk yuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁸ jyt⁹, lok⁹ jyt⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: log³ yud⁶, log⁶ yud⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚³ jyːt̚²/, /lɔːk̚² jyːt̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: /lɑk̚  ɦʉɐt̚/

Rime
Character	雒	越
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)	元 (68)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	盧各切	王伐切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/	/ɦʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/	/ɦʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/	/ɦuat̚/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/	/ɣĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/	/i̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok6	jyut6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡ  ɢʷad/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雒	越
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	3871	16333
Phonetic component	各	戉
Rime group	鐸	月
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	落	越
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːɡ/	/*ɢʷad/

Proper noun

雒越

1. (historical) Luoyue (an ancient conglomeration of Yue tribes)

See also

• 甌越／瓯越 (Ōuyuè)
• 東甌／东瓯 (Dōng'ōu)

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
雒	越

Proper noun

雒越

1. chữ Hán form of Lạc Việt (“(historical) Luoyue (an ancient conglomeration of Yue tribes)”).