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单词 紙
释义

紙

See also: 纸 and 帋
紙 U+7D19, 紙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D19
← 紘
[U+7D18]		CJK Unified Ideographs級 →
[U+7D1A]

Translingual

Han character

紙 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹女心 (VFHVP), four-corner 22940, composition ⿰糸氏)

References

  • KangXi: page 918, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27293
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1347, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3375, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+7D19

Chinese

trad.紙
simp.纸
alternative forms帋
𦀦
𥾬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 紙
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (氏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
氏*skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ
衹*kje, *ɡe
紙*kjeʔ
帋*kjeʔ
扺*kjeʔ
坁*kjeʔ
汦*kjeʔ, *tjil
忯*ɡje, *ɡe
眂*ɡje, *ɡils
舐*ɦljeʔ
芪*ɡe
祇*ɡe
疧*ɡe
軝*ɡe
蚔*ɡe

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kjeʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ).

Etymology

Unknown. It has been connected to Vietnamese giấy (< Proto-Vietic *k-cajʔ).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zhǐ (zhi3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˇ
    (Chengdu, SP): zi3
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): зы (zɨ, II)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zi2
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zi2
  • Gan (Wiktionary): zi3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chṳ́
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zi3
  • Jin (Wiktionary): zi2
  • Min Bei (KCR): cṳě
  • Min Dong (BUC): cāi
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chóa / chí
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zua2
  • Wu (Wiktionary): tsr (T2)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): zhr3
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
      • Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
      • Wade–Giles: chih3
      • Yale: jř
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
      • Palladius: чжи (čži)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: zi3
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зы (zɨ, II)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zi2
      • Yale: jí
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi2
      • Guangdong Romanization: ji2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː³⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: zi2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡si⁵⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: zi3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩²¹³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́
      • Hakka Romanization System: zii`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: zi3
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: zi3
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩³¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: zi2
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳě
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡syɛ²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: cāi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sai³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chóa
      • Tâi-lô: tsuá
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zoar
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sua⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sua⁴¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sua⁵⁵⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
      • Tâi-lô: tsí
      • Phofsit Daibuun: cie
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Note:
  • chóa - vernacular;
  • chí - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: zua2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuá
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sua⁵²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: tsr (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sz̩³⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zhr3
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴¹/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡sz̩⁴¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇX/
Rime
Character紙
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)章 (23)
Final (韻)支 (11)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie諸氏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong		/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li		/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zi2
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.teʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kjeʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character紙
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zhǐ
Middle
Chinese		‹ tsyeX ›
Old
Chinese		/*k.teʔ/
Englishpaper

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character紙
Reading #1/1
No.11516
Phonetic
component		氏
Rime
group		支
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		紙
Old
Chinese		/*kjeʔ/

Definitions

紙

  1. (countable) paper (Classifier: 張／张)
    草稿紙／草稿纸  ―  cǎogǎozhǐ  ―  scratch paper
    她買了紙、筆等文具。 [MSC, trad.]
    她买了纸、笔等文具。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā mǎi le zhǐ, bǐ děng wénjù. [Pinyin]
    She bought paper, pens, and other such stationery.
    他用棕色的紙把包裹包起來。 [MSC, trad.]
    他用棕色的纸把包裹包起来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yòng zōngsè de zhǐ bǎ bāoguǒ bāo qǐlái. [Pinyin]
    He wrapped brown paper around the package.
    • 自古書契多編以竹簡，其用縑帛者謂之為紙。縑貴而簡重，並不便於人。倫乃造意，用樹膚、麻頭及敝布、魚網以為紙。元興元年奏上之，帝善其能，自是莫不從用焉，故天下咸稱「蔡侯紙」。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      自古书契多编以竹简，其用缣帛者谓之为纸。缣贵而简重，并不便于人。伦乃造意，用树肤、麻头及敝布、鱼网以为纸。元兴元年奏上之，帝善其能，自是莫不从用焉，故天下咸称“蔡侯纸”。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
      Zìgǔ shūqì duō biān yǐ zhújiǎn, qí yòng jiānbó zhě wèi zhī wéi zhǐ. Jiān guì ér jiǎn zhòng, bìng bù biàn yú rén. Lún nǎi zàoyì, yòng shùfū, mátóu jí bìbù, yúwǎng yǐ wéi zhǐ. Yuánxìng yuánnián zòu shàng zhī, dì shàn qí néng, zì shì mò bù cóng yòng yān, gù tiānxià xián chēng “Cài hóu zhǐ”. [Pinyin]
      In ancient times writings and inscriptions were generally made on tablets of bamboo or on pieces of silk called zhi. But silk being costly and bamboos heavy they were not convenient to use. Cai Lun then initiated the idea of making paper from the bark of trees, remnants of hemp, rags of cloth and fishing nets. He submitted the process to the emperor in the first year of Yuanxing and received praise for his ability. From this time, paper has been in use everywhere and is universally called "the paper of Marquis Cai".
  2. (chiefly Cantonese) currency
    港紙／港纸 [Cantonese]  ―  gong2 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  Hong Kong dollar
    加紙／加纸 [Cantonese]  ―  gaa1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  Canadian dollar
  3. (Cantonese, countable) banknote; bill (Classifier: 張／张)
    十蚊紙／十蚊纸 [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 man1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  ten-dollar bill
  4. Classifier for document and letters.
  5. Short for 紙錢／纸钱 (zhǐqián, “paper made to resemble money and burnt as an offering to the dead”).
  6. (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Pronunciation spelling of 子 (zǐ).
    妹紙／妹纸  ―  mèizhǐ  ―  girl
    胖紙／胖纸  ―  pàngzhǐ  ―  fatty
  7. a surname

Synonyms

  • (paper): (obsolete, Wu) 紙頭／纸头 (zhǐtóu)
Dialectal synonyms of 紙 (“paper”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese紙
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)紙, 紙張 collective
MandarinBeijing紙
Taiwan紙
Yantai (Muping)紙
Jinan紙
Wanrong紙
Xi'an紙
Wuhan紙
Chengdu紙
Guilin紙
Nanning (Wuming)紙
Yangzhou紙
Hefei紙
Singapore紙
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)紙
Dagudi (Maliba)紙
Reshuitang (Longling)紙
Mae Salong (Lancang)紙
Mae Sai (Tengchong)紙
CantoneseGuangzhou紙
Hong Kong紙
Taishan (Guanghai)紙
Yangjiang紙
Hepu (Lianzhou)紙
Hepu (Shatian)紙
Beihai紙
Beihai (Nankang)紙
Beihai (Yingpan)紙
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)紙
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)紙
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)紙
Singapore (Guangfu)紙
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)紙
Móng Cái紙
Mandalay (Taishan)紙
GanNanchang紙
HakkaMeixian紙
Jiexi紙
Yudu紙
Miaoli (N. Sixian)紙
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)紙
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)紙
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)紙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)紙
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)紙
Sabah (Longchuan)紙
HuizhouJixi紙
JinTaiyuan紙
Min BeiJian'ou紙
Min DongFuzhou紙
Min NanXiamen紙
Singapore (Hokkien)紙
Manila (Hokkien)紙
Chaozhou紙
Shantou紙
Jieyang紙
Bangkok (Teochew)紙
Chiang Mai (Teochew)紙
Hat Yai (Teochew)紙
Singapore (Teochew)紙
Pontianak (Teochew)紙
Leizhou紙
WuSuzhou紙, 紙頭
Ningbo紙頭
Zhoushan紙頭
Wenzhou紙
XiangChangsha紙
Xiangxiang紙
Shuangfeng紙

Compounds

Derived terms from 紙

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (紙):
  • → Japanese: 紙(し) (shi)
  • → Korean: 지(紙) (ji)
  • → Vietnamese: chỉ (紙)

Others:

  • → Lao: ເຈ້ຍ (chīa, “paper”)
  • → Shan: ၸေႈ (tsēe, “paper”)
  • → Zhuang: ceij (“paper”)

References

  • “紙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03100

Japanese

Kanji

紙

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. paper

Alternative forms

  • 帋 (zokuji)

Readings

  • Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かみ (kami, 紙, Jōyō)

Compounds

  • 折(おり)紙(がみ) (origami), 折(お)り紙(がみ) (origami, “origami”)
  • 切(きり)紙(がみ) (kirigami), 切(き)り紙(がみ) (kirigami, “kirigami”)
  • 紙(し)幣(へい) (shihei, “paper money, bill, note”)
  • 手(て)紙(がみ) (tegami, “letter”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
紙
かみ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]

Appears to be a shift in pronunciation from the Middle Chinese term 簡 (MC kˠɛnX), borrowed into Japanese with the pronunciation kan.[2][3]

  • /kaɴ/ → */kamu/ → /kami/

Earlier Japanese writing was ambiguous regarding the final n sound spelled ん in modern Japanese, with this sound often spelled (and possibly pronounced) as む (mu) instead. Compare the similar appearance of an excrescent final -i in the derivation of 文 (fumi) from borrowed bun or pun.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) かみ​ [kàmíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[4][5][6]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠mʲi]
  • Audio(file)

Noun

紙(かみ) • (kami) 

  1. [from 720] paper
Derived terms
  • 紙(かみ)パック (kamipakku)

References

  1. “紙”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. “紙”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
紙
し
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 紙 (MC t͡ɕiᴇX).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɕi]
  • Audio(file)

Affix

紙(し) • (shi) ←し (si)?

  1. paper
  2. newspaper
    大手紙(おおてし)
    ōteshi
    major newspaper

References

    Korean

    Hanja

    紙 (eumhun 종이 지 (jong'i ji))

    1. Hanja form? of 지 (“paper”).

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    紙: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ, giấy

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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