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单词 君
释义

君

君 U+541B, 君
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541B
← 吚
[U+541A]		CJK Unified Ideographs吜 →
[U+541C]

Translingual

Han character

君 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸大口 (SKR), four-corner 17607, composition ⿸尹口)

Derived characters

  • 侰, 群, 裙, 郡, 捃, 珺, 桾, 宭, 窘, 𠧬, 𠹩, 𫘿, 𡝗, 䞫, 頵(𫖳), 覠(𰴙), 𦌺, 𠲰, 𭊝, 𢽏, 𫺔, 𬂁, 𣇉, 𬱌, 𩂿, 𨧡, 涒, 焄, 𤉙, 桾, 莙, 䇹, 𦀲, 𪣣, 峮, 㟒, 裠, 𧛬, 𬡝, 帬, 𢂽, 𢃆, 𬒽, 輑, 𰺈, 𢧃, 羣, 麏, 鮶(鲪), 鵘

References

  • KangXi: page 177, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3323
  • Dae Jaweon: page 394, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 595, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+541B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
君
alternative forms𠺞
𠁈
𠱩
𠱭
𠱰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 君
ShangWestern ZhouSpring and AutumnShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsBronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (君) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涒*l̥ʰuːn
麏*krun
莙*krun, *ɡrunʔ, *klun
輑*kʰrun
蜠*kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ
峮*kʰrun
窘*ɡrunʔ
僒*ɡrunʔ
君*klun
桾*klun
宭*klun, *ɡlun
鮶*klun
捃*kluns
群*ɡlun
羣*ɡlun
裙*ɡlun
裠*ɡlun
帬*ɡlun
焄*qʰlun
郡*ɡluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klun) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “(hand holding a rod) to administer”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). In the oracle bones and early Zhou bronze inscriptions, 君 (jūn) was often interchanged with 尹. Shuowen suggests that 口 represents commands, but it may simply be decorative.

Etymology

Unknown. Here are several possibilities:

  • Related to Old Mon kmin, kmun (“to exercise royal power; to be king; to reign”) (Schuessler, 2007);
  • Related to 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “director; governor”) and 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) and cognate with Tibetan མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”) (Mei Tsu-lin, 1985);
  • The *k- prefixed derivative of 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “to straighten; to administer”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); however, this is phonologically problematic (Schuessler, 2007).

The ACG sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 君 (-kun), which is in turn from Chinese.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): jūn (jun1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ
    (Chengdu, SP): jun1
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gwan1
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gun1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): jyn1
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiûn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): giun1
  • Jin (Wiktionary): jyng1
  • Min Dong (BUC): gŭng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): kun
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gung1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): jyn (T1)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): jyn1
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: jūn
      • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
      • Wade–Giles: chün1
      • Yale: jyūn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
      • Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: jun1
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gun
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gwan1
      • Yale: gwān
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gwan1
      • Guangdong Romanization: guen1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐn⁵⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: gun1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kun³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: jyn1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕyn⁴²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûn
      • Hakka Romanization System: giun´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: giun1
      • Sinological IPA: /ki̯un²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: giun1
      • Sinological IPA: /ciun⁴⁴/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: jyng1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕỹŋ¹¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kun
      • Tâi-lô: kun
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kwn
      • IPA (Xiamen): /kun⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /kun³³/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kun⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Taipei): /kun⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kun⁴⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: gung1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kung
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: jyn (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʏɲ⁵³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: jyn1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕyn³³/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
君
MandarinBeijing/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Harbin/t͡ɕyn⁴⁴/
Tianjin/t͡ɕyn²¹/
Jinan/t͡ɕyẽ²¹³/
Qingdao/t͡ɕyə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou/t͡ɕyn²⁴/
Xi'an/t͡ɕyẽ²¹/
Xining/t͡ɕyə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/t͡ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou/t͡ɕỹn³¹/
Ürümqi/t͡ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Chengdu/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Guiyang/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing/t͡ɕyn³¹/
Hefei/t͡ɕyn²¹/
JinTaiyuan/t͡ɕyəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao/t͡ɕyŋ¹³/
Hohhot/t͡ɕỹŋ³¹/
WuShanghai/t͡ɕyŋ⁵³/
/t͡ɕioŋ⁵³/
Suzhou/t͡ɕyən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou/t͡sz̩ʷen³³/
Wenzhou/t͡ɕoŋ³³/
HuiShexian/t͡ɕyʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi/t͡ɕyan¹¹/
XiangChangsha/t͡ɕyn³³/
Xiangtan/t͡ɕyn³³/
GanNanchang/t͡ɕyn⁴²/
HakkaMeixian/kiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan/kuŋ²⁴/
CantoneseGuangzhou/kwɐn⁵³/
Nanning/kʷɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong/kwɐn⁵⁵/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/kun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/kuŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/kœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/kuŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan)/kin²³/
/kun²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /kɨun/
Rime
Character君
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)文 (59)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)III
Fanqie舉云切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kɨun/
Pan
Wuyun		/kiun/
Shao
Rongfen		/kiuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kun/
Li
Rong		/kiuən/
Wang
Li		/kĭuən/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ki̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		jūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		gwan1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qur/
    (Zhengzhang): /*klun/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character君
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		jūn
Middle
Chinese		‹ kjun ›
Old
Chinese		/*C.qur/
Englishlord; ruler

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character君
Reading #1/1
No.7289
Phonetic
component		君
Rime
group		文
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		君
Old
Chinese		/*klun/

Definitions

君

  1. sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord
  2. (historical) A honorific title: lord
  3. (literary, honorific) you; your (referring to a male)
  4. A polite form of address used among couples.
  5. to dominate; to reign
  6. (ACG, Internet slang) -kun
  7. (ACG, Internet slang) Affectionate name suffix.
    字幕君  ―  zìmùjūn  ―  fansubber
  8. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese汝, 爾, 乃, 而, 若, 伊, 子, 君 †, 卿 †
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)你, 您 †, 閣下 †, 臺端
MandarinBeijing你, 您 †, 您老人家 †
Taiwan你, 您 †
Tianjin你, 你了 †
Chengde你, 您老人家 †
Tangshan你, 你老 †
Cangzhou你, 你老 †
Baoding你, 你老 †
Shijiazhuang你, 你家 †
Ulanhot你
Tongliao你
Chifeng你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Bayanhot你, 您 †
Hulunbuir (Hailar)你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Heihe你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Qiqihar你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Harbin你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
Jiamusi你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Baicheng你, 你老 †, 你老人家 †
Changchun你, 你老 †
Tonghua你, 你老 †
Shenyang你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
Dandong你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Jinzhou你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Dalian你, 你老 †
Yantai你
Yantai (Muping)你
Qingdao你
Lijin你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
Weifang (Weicheng)你
Weifang (Fangzi)你
Weifang (Hanting)你
Changyi你
Gaomi你, 恁
Zhucheng你, 恁
Anqiu你
Changle你
Linqu你, 恁
Qingzhou你
Shouguang你
Wulian你
Jinan你, 你老人家 †
Luoyang你
Wanrong你
Shangqiu你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
Yuanyang你, 你老 †
Zhengzhou你, 你老人家 †
Lingbao你
Xinyang你, 你老人家 †
Baihe你, 你老兒 †
Hanzhong你
Xi'an你, 你老人家 †
Dingbian你
Baoji你, 你老人家 †
Yinchuan你, 你老人家 †
Tianshui你, 你老人家 †
Lanzhou你
Xining你, 喬, 你老人家 †
Hami你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Ürümqi你, 你老人家 †
Yanqi你
Wuhan你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Yichang你, 你家 †, 老人家 †, 你老人家 †
Xiangyang你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Tianmen你, 您哪 †, 你老人家 †
Hong'an你, 你老人家 †
Chengdu你, 你老人家 †
Nanchong你, 你老人家 †
Dazhou你, 你老人家 †
Hanyuan你, 你老人家 †
Xichang你, 你老 †
Zigong你, 你老人家 †
Chongqing你, 你老人家 †
Guiyang你, 你老人家 †
Zunyi你, 你老人家 †
Bijie你
Liping你, 您 †
Zhaotong你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Dali你, 你家 †
Kunming你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Mengzi你, 你老人家 †
Guilin你, 你老人家 †
Liuzhou你, 你老人家 †
Nanning (Xiakuojie)你
Nanning (Fujian)你
Nanning (Wuming)你
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)你
Binyang (Nanjie)你
Qinzhou (Longmengang)你
Jishou你
Changde你, 你家 †
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)你
Anqing你, 你老人家 †
Xuzhou恁, 你, 你老人家 †
Pizhou恁, 你
Ganyu你
Fuyang你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Wuhu你, 你老人家 †
Yangzhou你, 你老人家 †
Baoying你
Lianyungang你, 你老人家 †
Donghai你
Huai'an (Huaiyin)你, 您兒 †
Lianshui你
Xuyi你
Xinghua你
Nanjing你, 你老人家 †
Hefei你, 你老人家 †
Nantong你, 你老人家 †
Rugao你
Yancheng你
Funing你
Sihong你
Taizhou你
Zhenjiang你
Changle (Qinjiang)你
Malaysia你, 您 †
Singapore你, 您 †
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)你
Dagudi (Maliba)你
Reshuitang (Longling)你
Mae Salong (Lancang)你
Mae Sai (Tengchong)你
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)你
CantoneseGuangzhou你
Hong Kong你
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)你
Macau你
Guangzhou (Panyu)你
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)你
Guangzhou (Conghua)你
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)你
Foshan你
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)你
Foshan (Shunde)你
Foshan (Sanshui)你
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)你
Zhongshan (Shiqi)你
Zhuhai (Qianshan)你
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)你
Zhuhai (Doumen)你
Jiangmen (Baisha)你
Jiangmen (Xinhui)你
Taishan你
Kaiping (Chikan)你
Enping (Niujiang)你
Heshan (Yayao)你
Dongguan你
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)你
Qingyuan你
Fogang你
Yingde (Hanguang)你
Yangshan你
Lianshan (Butian)你
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)你
Shaoguan你
Shaoguan (Qujiang)你
Renhua你
Lechang你
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)你
Sihui你
Guangning你
Deqing你
Huaiji你
Fengkai (Nanfeng)你
Yunfu你
Xinxing你
Luoding你
Yunan (Pingtai)你
Yangjiang你
Xinyi你
Lianjiang你
Nanning你
Baise你
Qinzhou你
Beihai你
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)你
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)你
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)你
Danzhou你
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)你
Penang (Guangfu)你
Singapore (Guangfu)你
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)你
Móng Cái你
GanNanchang爾, 恁
Nanchang (Wangcheng)恁
Anyi爾仂
Lushan爾
Pengze爾
Duchang爾, 爾儂
Wuning (Quankou)恁
Poyang你
Yugan你, 你郎
Wannian你
Hengfeng爾, 爾仂
Yanshan爾, 爾仂
Leping你
Yichun你
Yifeng爾
Gao'an爾
Fengxin你
Shanggao爾
Wanzai爾
Fengcheng你
Xinyu你
Fuzhou (Shangdundu)你
Fuzhou (Dongxiang)爾仂
Nancheng恁
Nanfeng你仂, 你
Yihuang恁
Lichuan汝
Chongren爾
Pingxiang恨, 你
Lianhua你
Ji'an你
Yongfeng恁
Taihe你
Xiajiang你
Yongxin你
Yingtan (Yujiang)爾
Guixi爾, 爾仂
Jianning你
Jinxian恁, 爾
Jinxi恁
Le'an你
Guangchang你
Anfu你
Suichuan你
Wan'an你
Jing'an爾
Zhangshu你
Xingan你
Fenyi你
HakkaMeixian你
Xingning你
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)你
Huiyang你
Huidong (Daling)你
Dongguan (Qingxi)你
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)你
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)你
Wuhua (Huacheng)你
Heyuan (Bendihua)你
Nanxiong (Zhuji)你
Shaoguan (Qujiang)你
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)你
Liannan你
Conghua (Lütian)你
Jiexi你
Changting你
Shanghang汝
Yongding汝
Wuping你
Wuping (Pingyu)你
Liancheng你
Ninghua你
Qingliu你
Yudu你
Ningdu恁
Ruijin你
Shicheng你
Shangyou (Shexi)你
Dayu你
Dingnan你
Longnan你
Xunwu爾
Huichang恨, 爾
Nankang你
Chongyi你
Xingguo你
Miaoli (N. Sixian)你
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)你
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)你
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)你
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)你
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)你
Hong Kong你
Luchuan你
Bobai (Shahe)你
Bobai (Longtan)你
Bobai (Lingping)你
Bobai (Lingjiao)你
Sabah (Longchuan)你
Senai (Huiyang)你
Kuching (Hepo)你
Singkawang你
Bangkok (Meixian)你
HuizhouJixi爾, 爾仂
Shexian爾, 你, 你老人家 †
Tunxi爾, 爾仂
Wuyuan爾
Fuliang爾
Dexing爾
Chun'an (Qiandaohu)爾
Jiande (Meicheng)爾
Jiande (Shouchang)曾, 曾儂
JinTaiyuan你, 你家 †
Yangyuan你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Datong你, 您兒 †
Xinzhou你, 你吶 †
Lishi你, 你老兒家 †
Linfen你
Changzhi你
Taibus (Baochang)你, 您 †
Linhe你, 您 †, 你老兒家 †
Jining你, 您 †, 你家 †
Hohhot你, 您 †, 您老兒家 †
Baotou你, 您 †
Dongsheng你, 您 †
Haibowan你, 您 †
Erenhot你, 您兒 †
Pingshan你
Zhangjiakou你, 您 †, 你老 †
Handan你, 你老人家 †
Linzhou你
Suide你
Min BeiJian'ou你
Jian'ou (Dikou)你
Songxi你
Zhenghe你
Zhenghe (Zhenqian)汝
Jianyang你
Wuyishan你
Pucheng (Shibei)你
Min DongFuzhou汝
Changle汝
Lianjiang汝
Fuqing汝
Pingtan汝
Yongtai汝
Minqing汝
Gutian汝
Pingnan汝
Luoyuan汝
Fu'an汝
Ningde汝
Xiapu汝
Zherong汝
Shouning汝
Zhouning汝
Fuding汝
Matsu汝
Taishun爾
Cangnan爾
Singapore (Fuqing)汝
Manjung (Gutian)汝
Min NanXiamen汝
Xiamen (Tong'an)汝
Quanzhou汝
Jinjiang汝
Nan'an汝
Shishi汝
Hui'an汝
Anxi汝
Yongchun汝
Dehua汝
Zhangzhou汝
Zhangzhou (Longhai)汝
Zhangzhou (Changtai)汝
Hua'an汝
Nanjing汝
Pinghe汝
Zhangpu汝
Yunxiao汝
Zhao'an汝
Dongshan汝
Taipei汝
New Taipei (Sanxia)汝
Kaohsiung汝
Kaohsiung (Cijin)汝
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)汝
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)汝
Yilan汝
Changhua (Lukang)汝
Taichung汝
Taichung (Wuqi)汝
Tainan汝
Taitung汝
Hsinchu汝
Kinmen汝
Penghu (Magong)汝
Penang (Hokkien)汝
Singapore (Hokkien)汝
Manila (Hokkien)汝
Medan (Hokkien)汝
Longyan汝
Zhangping汝
Datian汝
Guilin (Biyange)汝
Chaozhou汝
Shantou汝
Shantou (Chaoyang)汝
Jieyang汝
Haifeng汝
Johor Bahru (Teochew)汝
Singapore (Teochew)汝
Pontianak (Teochew)汝
Leizhou汝
Wenchang汝
Haikou汝
Singapore (Hainanese)汝
Puxian MinPutian汝
Xianyou汝
Min ZhongYong'an你
Sanyuan你
Shaxian你
Yanping (Wangtai)你
Shaojiang MinShaowu𫣴
Guangze𫣴
Mingxi你
Shunchang你
Zhongshan MinShaxi (Longdu)汝
Sanxiang汝
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)你
ShehuaFu'an你
Fuding你
Luoyuan你
Sanming你
Shunchang你
Hua'an你
Guixi (Zhangping)你
Cangnan你
Jingning你
Lishui你
Longyou你
Chaozhou你
Fengshun你
WaxiangGuzhang (Gaofeng)你
WuShanghai儂
Shanghai (Chongming)爾
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)儂
Shanghai (Jiading)儂, 甚, 恆儂
Shanghai (Songjiang)是奴
Suzhou倷
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)㑚
Wuxi你
Changshu儂
Kunshan能
Haimen你
Jiaxing你
Jiashan你
Pinghu爾儂
Haining (Yanguan)儂, 你
Tongxiang儂
Haiyan你
Changzhou你
Danyang爾
Gaochun你
Huzhou是爾
Changxing是爾
Anji爾
Deqing爾
Hangzhou你
Hangzhou (Yuhang)儂, 是儂, 爾, 是爾
Hangzhou (Lin'an)儂, 是儂
Hangzhou (Fuyang)儂, 你, 爾, 是爾
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)爾
Tonglu你, 是你
Shaoxing諾
Zhuji你
Shengzhou儂
Xinchang爾, 奶
Ningbo諾, 爾, 爾諾
Zhenhai諾
Fenghua儂, 爾
Yuyao儂
Cixi儂
Xiangshan爾, 像爾
Ninghai爾, 爾儂
Zhoushan儂
Huangyan爾
Tiantai爾
Xianju爾
Sanmen爾
Linhai爾
Wenling爾
Wenzhou你
Yueqing你
Yongjia (Fenglin)你
Pingyang你
Taishun你
Wencheng你
Lishui你
Qingtian你
Jinyun你, 定你
Wuyi (Liucheng)爾
Songyang (Xiping)你
Yunhe你
Jingning你
Qingyuan你
Longquan你
Quzhou你
Suichang你
Jiangshan你
Changshan爾
Kaihua你
Longyou你, 你儂
Jinhua儂
Jinhua (Tangxi)爾, 爾儂
Yiwu儂
Yongkang爾
Pujiang爾
Dongyang爾
Wuyi儂
Lanxi爾, 爾儂
Shangrao爾儂
Shangrao (Guangfeng)爾
Yushan恁
XiangChangsha你
Xiangtan你
Loudi你
Shuangfeng你
Note†: honorific
  • (ACG) 桑 (sāng, “-san”), 醬／酱 (jiàng, “-chan”), 炭 (tàn, “-tan”), 樣／样 (yàng, “-sama”)

Compounds

Derived terms from 君

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (君):
  • → Japanese: 君(くん) (kun)
  • → Korean: 군(君) (gun)
  • → Vietnamese: quân (君)

Japanese

Kanji

君

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. king, lord, ruler
  2. person of high rank
  3. form of address to fellow colleagues or inferiors

Readings

  • Go-on: くん (kun, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: くん (kun, Jōyō)
  • Kun: きみ (kimi, 君, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: きん (kin); すえ (sue); なお (nao); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 君(くん)子(し) (kunshi)
  • 君(くん)主(しゅ) (kunshu)
  • 君(くん)側(そく) (kunsoku): vicinity of a lord
  • 君(くん)辺(ぺん) (kunpen): vicinity of a lord
  • 君(くん)王(のう) (kunnō)
  • 君(くん)臨(りん) (kunrin)
  • 暗(あん)君(くん) (ankun)
  • 貴(き)君(くん) (kikun)
  • 厳(げん)君(くん) (genkun)
  • 細(さい)君(くん), 妻(さい)君(くん) (saikun)
  • 主(しゅ)君(くん) (shukun)
  • 諸(しょ)君(くん) (shokun)
  • 神(しん)君(くん) (shinkun)
  • 大(たい)君(くん) (taikun)
  • 夫(ふ)君(くん) (fukun)
  • 父(ふ)君(くん) (fukun)
  • 暴(ぼう)君(くん) (bōkun)
  • 名(めい)君(くん) (meikun)
  • 明(めい)君(くん) (meikun)
  • 幼(よう)君(くん) (yōkun)
  • 郎(ろう)君(くん) (rōkun)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
君
きみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
公 (uncommon)

⟨ki1mi1⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/

From Old Japanese. Possibly a borrowing from the Sillan word for king, written with the character 今 (kum).[1] The same morpheme survives in the second syllable of the Modern Korean word 임금 (imgeum).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) きみ [kìmí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [kʲimʲi]

Noun

君(きみ) • (kimi) 

  1. a ruler of a country
    1. an emperor
      Synonyms: 天子 (tenshi), 天皇 (tennō)
    2. a lord
    Antonym: 臣 (omi)
  2. a master
    Synonyms: 主君 (shukun), 主人 (shujin)
  3. a nobleman or other person of high(er) rank
  4. (after a が (ga) or の (no) particle) term of respect to another person
  5. (historical, archaic) a prostitute
  6. (historical) one of the hereditary titles bestowed to local chiefs in ancient Japan
Derived terms
  • 大(おお)君(きみ) (ōkimi)

Pronoun

君(きみ) • (kimi) 

  1. (informal, chiefly men's speech) second-person personal pronoun: you
    • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 669; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 50)
      君(きみ)がため惜(を)しからざりし命(いのち)さへ長(なが)くもがなと思(おも)ひけるかな
      kimi ga tama oshikarazarishi inochi sae nagaku mogana to omoikeru kana
      I thought I would give up my life to hold you in my arms, but after a night together, I find myself wishing that I could live for ever.[4]
    • 2000 September 18, Inokuma, Shinobu, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート)１(いち)　雨(あめ)のち… [Part 1: After the Rain…]”, in SALAD(サラダ) DAYS(デイズ) [Salad Days], volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 110:
      俺(おれ)は別(べつ)にいいけど…キミ、学(がっ)校(こう)で「知(し)らない人(ひと)について行(い)っちゃダメ」とか、教(おそ)わんなかった？
      Ore wa betsu ni ii kedo… Kimi, gakkō de “shiranai hito ni tsuite itcha dame” to ka, osowan nakatta?
      Fine by me… But haven’t you been taught at school that “you shouldn’t go anywhere with strangers”?
    • 2005 November 9, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      来(く)るぞ　カズキ！手(て)を放(はな)すな！キミと私(わたし)は一(いっ)心(しん)同(どう)体(たい)　キミが死(し)ぬ時(とき)が私(わたし)が死(し)ぬ時(とき)だ！
      Kuru zo Kazuki! Te o hanasu na! Kimi to watashi wa isshin dōtai Kimi ga shinu toki ga watashi ga shinu toki da!
      Incoming, Kazuki! Don’t let go! You and me, together as one. When you die, I die!
Usage notes
  • When used in lyrics and poetry, this word is considered less colloquial and more poetic than in spoken language.

Etymology 2

The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Suffix

君(ぎみ) • (-gimi) 

  1. indicates respect
    父(ちち)君(ぎみ)
    chichi-gimi
    your father
Usage notes
  • There is no direct translation in English – as with other Japanese honorifics, it might roughly correspond to dear, as in “your dear father”.
  • Respectful suffixes also serve to indicate whose relative is in question: rather than “my father” and “your father”, one would say 父 (chichi, “father”) and 父君 (chichi-gimi, “dear father”).
  • Used of nobles. Attaches to close family relationship nouns such as 母 (haha, “mother”), 姉 (ane, “sister”), 姫 (hime, “daughter of a noble family, princess”).
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 父君(ちちぎみ) (chichi-gimi)
  • 父君(ててぎみ) (tete-gimi)
  • 姫君(ひめぎみ) (hime-gimi)
  • 若君(わかぎみ) (wakagimi)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
君
くん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 君 (MC kɨun).

Suffix

君(くん) • (-kun) 

  1. suffix for boys' names
  2. indicates respect
    • 1999 January 7, Hirokane, Kenshi, “議その166　「決戦投票」 [Debate 166: ‘Final Vote’]”, in 加治隆介の議 [Kaji Ryūsuke’s Debates], volume 20 (fiction), Tōkyō: Kōdansha, →ISBN, page 43:
      発表致します　平原和正君　二五一票　鈴鹿宏君　二二七票　白票　二二票
      Happyō itashimasu Hirahara Kazumasa-kun nihyakugojūippō Suzuka Hiroshi-kun nihyakunijūnanahyō Hakuhyō nijūnihyō
      Announcement. Mr. Hirahara Kazumasa: 251 votes. Mr. Suzuka Hiroshi: 227 votes. Blanks: 22 votes.
  3. indicates familiarity
Usage notes

-kun is often used as a suffix when calling someone. The listener is lower or the same level in social position and is often, but not always, male.

Descendants
  • → English: -kun
  • → Chinese:
    → Mandarin: 君 (jūn)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
君
きんじ
Grade: 3

/kimud͡ʑi/ → /kind͡ʑi/

Shift from older きむぢ (kimudi → kimuji).[5]

Pronoun

君(きんじ) • (kinji) ←きんぢ (kindi)?

  1. second person personal pronoun: you
    • 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Fukiage, ge)[6]
      きんぢ、この手を傳へ施す物ならば、この世になからん世なりとも、訪ひ守らん。
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
    • 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Kurabiraki, jō)[7]
      「[...] ある時は「きんぢがつたなく吾を人気なくハ生み出したる」とさへぞの給フや」
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
    • 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Kuniyuzuri, jō)[8]
      喜びて、見給ヒて、聲を放ちて「我が親の今々とし給ひしまで「我はきんぢを思ふにぞ黄泉もえ往くまじき。[...]」」
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

See also

  • あなた (anata)
  • 汝(なむち) (namuchi), 汝(なんじ) (nanji)
  • 御(お)前(まえ) (omae)

References

  1. Ki-Moon, Lee; Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language‎, page 59
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. Peter MacMillan, translator (2018) One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each: A Treasury of Classical Japanese Verse, Penguin UK, →ISBN
  5. “きんじ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  6. Kōno, Tama (c. 970–999) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 10: Utsubo Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1959, →ISBN.
  7. Kōno, Tama (1961) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 11: Utsubo Monogatari 2 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  8. Kōno, Tama (1962) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 12: Utsubo Monogatari 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 君 (MC kɨun).

Historical readings
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 군 (Yale: kwun) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
  • Recorded as Middle Korean ᄭᅮᆫ (skwun) (Yale: skwun) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kun]
  • Phonetic hangul: [군]

Hanja

Wikisource君 (eumhun 임금 군 (imgeum gun))

  1. Hanja form? of 군 (“sovereign”).
  2. Hanja form? of 군 (“young man; young sir”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 군림 (君臨, gullim)
  • 군자 (君子, gunja)
  • 군공 (君公, gun'gong)
  • 군신 (君臣, gunsin)
  • 대군 (大君, daegun)
  • 성군 (聖君, seonggun)
  • 제군 (諸君, jegun)
  • 폭군 (暴君, pokgun)
  • 군주 (君主, gunju)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

君: Hán Nôm readings: quân, vua

  1. sovereign, monarch, ruler, chief, prince

References

  • Nom Foundation
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