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单词 くらい
释义

くらい

See also: ぐらい

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
暗い
昏い

From Old Japanese.[1] Found in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) らい [kùráí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "暗い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形)暗くらく[kùrákú]
Terminal (終止形)暗いらい
[kùráí]
[kùráꜜì]
Attributive (連体形)暗いらい[kùráí]
Key constructions
Informal negative暗くないらくな[kùrákúnáꜜì]
Informal past暗かったかった[kùráꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past暗くなかったらくなかった[kùrákúnáꜜkàttà]
Formal暗いですいです[kùráꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive暗くてくて[kùráꜜkùtè]
Conditional暗ければければ[kùráꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

くらい (kurai) -i (adverbial くらく (kuraku))

  1. dark; dim
  2. sombre; gloomy
Inflection
Antonyms
  • (あか)るい (akarui)

Etymology 2

Alternative spelling
(obsolete for adverb)

/kurawi//kurai/

Originally a compound of (kura, seat, where something is placed) + (wi, being, existing in a place), literally referring to "where one is", and by extension, "status, rank, position; degree".[1][2] Appears from at least as early as The Tale of Genji (prior to 1021 CE).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) らい [kùráí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]

Adverb

くらい (kurai) くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. about, approximately
    (しん)宿(じゅく)はどれくらい(とお)いですか。
    Shinjuku wa dore kurai tōi desu ka.
    How far is Shinjuku?
    (じゅっ)(ぷん)ぐらい()かる。
    Juppun gurai kakaru.
    It takes about ten minutes.
  2. at least, if anything
    (こん)(かい)くらい(がん)()ろうかな。
    Konkai kurai wa ganbarō kana.
    Maybe I should put in the effort at least once (this time).
    これくらい(だい)(じょう)()だろう。
    Kore kurai wa daijōbu darō.
    I imagine that you won't have difficulties with this much.
    いるだろ、()きな(ひと)くらい
    Iru daro, suki na hito kurai.
    (please add an English translation of this example)
Alternative forms
  • ぐらい (gurai)
See also
  • ほど (hodo)

Noun

くらい (kurai) くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. grade, rank, standing
    (くらい)()がる、(くらい)(くだ)す。
    Kurai ga agaru, kurai ga kudasu.
    To rise in rank, to lower in rank.
    (くらい)(たか)(ひと)kurai no takai hitohigh-ranking person
  2. the throne, the crown
    (くらい)(ゆず)kurai o yuzuruto abdicate the throne
    (くらい)につくkurai ni tsukuto assume the throne
  3. (mathematics) place, position
  4. being at the point where ...
    • Pokemon Gold & Silver
      (あきら)めるくらいなら(さい)(しょ)から(ゆめ)()ないよな。
      Akirameru kurai nara saisho kara yume minai yona.
      If you've giving up, you weren't ambitious in the first place.
Derived terms
  • (くらい)する (kurai suru)
  • (くらい)(だお) (kuraidaore)
  • (くらい)() (kuraizuke)
  • (くらい)() (kuraidoru)
  • (くらい)(まけ) (kuraimake)

Suffix

くらい (-kurai) くらゐ (kurawi)?

  1. seat, position, rank, grade

Etymology 3

Alternative spelling
食らい

The (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb ()らう (kurau, to eat, informal).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) らい [kùráí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠i]

Noun

くらい (kurai) くらひ (kurafi)?

  1. (usually in compounds) eating

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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