ἄχος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂égʰos, from the root *h₂egʰ- (“to be upset, in distress, afraid”). Compare Sanskrit अघ (agha, “evil”), Proto-Germanic *agaz (“fear”) (Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (agis), dialectal English ey).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /á.kʰos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈa.kʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈa.xos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈa.xos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈa.xos/
Noun
ἄχος • (ákhos) n (genitive ἄχεος or ἄχους); third declension
- distress
- pain, ache
Declension
Third declension of ᾰ̓́χος; ᾰ̓́χεος (Epic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ᾰ̓́χος ákhos | ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε ákhei / ákhee | ᾰ̓́χεᾰ ákhea | ||||||||||
Genitive | ᾰ̓́χεος / ᾰ̓́χευς ákheos / ákheus | ᾰ̓χέοιν akhéoin | ᾰ̓χέων akhéōn | ||||||||||
Dative | ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεῐ̈ ákhei / ákheï | ᾰ̓χέοιν akhéoin | ᾰ̓́χεσῐ / ᾰ̓́χεσῐν ákhesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | ᾰ̓́χος ákhos | ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε ákhei / ákhee | ᾰ̓́χεᾰ ákhea | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓́χος ákhos | ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε ákhei / ákhee | ᾰ̓́χεᾰ ákhea | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Third declension of τὸ ᾰ̓́χος; τοῦ ᾰ̓́χους (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ᾰ̓́χος tò ákhos | τὼ ᾰ̓́χει tṑ ákhei | τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χη tà ákhē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̓́χους toû ákhous | τοῖν ᾰ̓χοῖν toîn akhoîn | τῶν ᾰ̓χῶν tôn akhôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ᾰ̓́χει tôi ákhei | τοῖν ᾰ̓χοῖν toîn akhoîn | τοῖς ᾰ̓́χεσῐ / ᾰ̓́χεσῐν toîs ákhesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ᾰ̓́χος tò ákhos | τὼ ᾰ̓́χει tṑ ákhei | τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χη tà ákhē | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓́χος ákhos | ᾰ̓́χει ákhei | ᾰ̓́χη ákhē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Third declension of τὸ ᾰ̓́χος; τοῦ ᾰ̓́χεος (Ionic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ᾰ̓́χος tò ákhos | τὼ ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε tṑ ákhei / ákhee | τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χεᾰ tà ákhea | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̓́χεος / ᾰ̓́χευς toû ákheos / ákheus | τοῖν ᾰ̓χέοιν toîn akhéoin | τῶν ᾰ̓χέων tôn akhéōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεῐ̈ tôi ákhei / ákheï | τοῖν ᾰ̓χέοιν toîn akhéoin | τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ᾰ̓́χεσῐ / ᾰ̓́χεσῐν toîsi(n) ákhesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ᾰ̓́χος tò ákhos | τὼ ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε tṑ ákhei / ákhee | τᾰ̀ ᾰ̓́χεᾰ tà ákhea | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓́χος ákhos | ᾰ̓́χει / ᾰ̓́χεε ákhei / ákhee | ᾰ̓́χεᾰ ákhea | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Related terms
- ἄχνυμαι (ákhnumai)
See also
- Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús) (possibly derived from ἄχος)
References
- “ἄχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἄχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἄχος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἄχος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἄχος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἄχος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- “ἄχος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- ache idem, page 8.
- anguish idem, page 29.
- distress idem, page 242.
- grief idem, page 373.
- heaviness idem, page 393.
- melancholy idem, page 524.
- misery idem, page 534.
- pain idem, page 588.
- sadness idem, page 730.
- smart idem, page 786.
- sorrow idem, page 795.
- torment idem, page 881.
- trouble idem, page 897.
- unhappiness idem, page 920.