دوزخ
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Old Iranian, *daužaxva, from *duš-ahw-a-, from Proto-Iranian *dušHahua (“hell”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-Has-u-a-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-h₁és-u-o-, from *dus- (“bad”) and *h₁es- (“to be”).
Cognates include Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšx), [script needed] (dwšwx /dušox/), Middle Persian 𐬛𐬋𐬲𐬀𐬑 (dōžax), 𐬛𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬑 (dōzax), 𐬛𐬋𐬘𐬀𐬑 (dōjax), Manichaean Parthian [script needed] (dwjx /dōžax/), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬲𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daožauua), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎 (dužaŋhu), Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Northern Kurdish doje(h) (dōža(h)), dûje(h) (dūža(h)), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak), دوژه (dōžē).
Compare Old Armenian դժոխ (džox, “hell”) and Georgian ჯოჯოხეთი (ǯoǯoxeti), Iranian borrowings.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian): IPA(key): /doːzax/
- (Dari): IPA(key): /doːzax/
- (Iranian Persian): IPA(key): /duːzæx/
- (Tajik): IPA(key): /dɵːzax/
Proper noun
| Dari | دوزخ |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | дӯзах (düzax) |
دوزخ • (dôzax)
- hell
- Synonym: جهنم (jahannam)
- Antonym: بهشت (behešt)
Derived terms
- دوزخی (duzaxi)
- اهل دوزخ (ahl-e-duzax)
- دوزخبان (duzaxbân)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: duzəx
- → Baluchi: دوزخ (dózux)
- → Bengali: দোজখ (dojôkhô)
- → Gurani: دۆزەخ (dōzax)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: दोज़ख़ (dozax)
- Urdu: دوزخ (dozax)
- → Kazakh: дозақ (dozaq)
- → Kurdish:
- Southern Kurdish: دووزەخ (dûzex)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دوزخ (dûzah)
- → Uyghur: دوزاخ (dozax)
- → Pashto: دوزخ (dōzax), دوږخ (doẓáx)
- → Punjabi: ਦੋਜਖ (dojakh)
- → Turkmen: dowzah
- → Uzbek: doʻzax
References
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “دوزخ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “dušox”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian دوزخ (dôzax), derived from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭱𐭧𐭥𐭩 (dušox, “hell”), from Proto-Iranian *dušHahua (“hell”). Cognate with Pashto دوغښ (doǧaẍ), Baluchi دوجک (dōǰak) and Chechen жоьжахати (žöžaxati).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪oː.zəx/
- Rhymes: -əx
- Hyphenation: دو‧زَخ
Noun
دوزَخ • (dozax) m (Hindi spelling दोज़ख़)
- (religion) hell, hellfire
- (figurative) the stomach (especially one that is hungry), an empty stomach
- (Islam) Nafs-e-Ammarah (the human inclination or ego towards sin)
Declension
| Declension of دوزخ | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| direct | دوزخ (dozax) | دوزخ (dozax) |
| oblique | دوزخ (dozax) | دوزخوں (dozaxō̃) |
| vocative | دوزخ (dozax) | دوزخو (dozaxō) |
Derived terms
- دوزَخ بَھرْنا (dozax bharnā)
- دوزَخ پالْنا (dozax pālnā)
References
- “دوزخ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “دوزخ”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
Ushojo
Etymology
From Urdu دوزخ (dōzax).
Noun
دوزخ (dōzax)
- hell, hellfire