请输入您要查询的单词:

 

单词
释义

See also: and Appendix:Variations of "ta"

U+305F, た
HIRAGANA LETTER TA

[U+305E]
Hiragana
[U+3060]
Stroke order

Japanese

Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji in the cursive sōsho style.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ta̠]

Syllable

(romaji ta)

  1. The hiragana syllable (ta). Its equivalent in katakana is (ta). It is the sixteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is た行あ段 (ta-gyō a-dan, row ta, section a).
Derived terms
  • (da)
See also
  • (Hiragana) 平仮名; , , , , , , , , , 𛄲, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 𛀆, , 𛀁, , ら゚, り゚, る゚, れ゚, ろ゚, わ゙, 𛅐ゐ゙, 𛄟, 𛅑ゑ゙, 𛅒を゙, , , , ,

Etymology 2

From たる (taru), the 連体形 (rentaikei, adnominal form) of the classical auxiliary verb たり (tari), in turn a contraction of てあり (te ari), from (te, conjunctive form of classical completion auxiliary (tsu)) + あり (ari).[1]

Doublet of てある (-te aru).

Alternative forms

  • (-da, when used on -bu, -gu, -mu, and -nu godan verbs)

Suffix

(-ta) 

  1. indicates a past or completed action
    昨日(きのう)(しゅっ)(ちょう)から(かえ)ってき
    Kinō shutchō kara kaette kita
    I returned from my business trip yesterday.
    (げん)稿(こう)をやっと()
    Genkō o yatto kaita yo
    I have finally finished my manuscript.
    (そう)()()わったら、ごみを()しに()きなさい
    Sōji ga owattara, gomi o dashi ni iki nasai
    Once you have finished cleaning, go dispose of the trash.
    • 1982, Jun'ichi Watanabe, Makeup
      あの(ひと)はもう()たろう
      Ano hito wa mō okitarō ka
      I wonder if he has woken up.
  2. indicates the realization of a situation that has not realized
    (はなし)()()(てん)(かんが)えよう
    Hanashi ga deta jiten de kangaeyō
    Let's talk about it later when that question actually comes up.
    (こん)()()ったとき(はな)すよ
    Kondo atta toki hanasu yo
    I will tell you when we meet next time.
  3. indicates the resulting state of an action
    ()ガラス(まど)から(かぜ)()()
    Wareta garasu mado kara kaze ga fukikomu
    The wind keeps blowing in through the broken glass window.
  4. at the end of a sentence:
    1. indicates speaker's declaration, confirmation, or sudden realization
      あれ、(きみ)はそこにいた
      Are, kimi wa soko ni ita no
      Oh, there you are.
      (ぼう)やは今年(ことし)いくつだった
      Bōya wa kotoshi ikutsu datta
      How old are you, boy?
      もうやめ
      Mō yameta
      I have had enough.
      (literally, “I have decided to give up.”)
      よし、その(しな)()
      Yoshi, sono shina katta
      Alright, I've decided to buy it.
      あとは(たの)ぞ。
      Ato wa tanonda zo.
      I leave the rest to you.
    2. makes a light command
      ()
      Matta
      Wait!
      さあ、どんどん(ある)いた(ある)いた
      Sā, dondon aruita, aruita
      Go. Go. Don't stop.
      どい、どい
      Doita, doita.
      Move out of the way, please.
Usage notes

This suffix follows the 音便 (onbin, euphonic changes) forms of certain part of speech classes, some of which cause the suffix (-ta) to be voiced as (-da):

  • In Standard Japanese the -ta form of 行く (iku, to go) is 行った (itta), and the -ta form of 問う (tou, to ask) and 請う (kou, to beg) follows the Kansai forms, 問うた (tōta) and 請うた (kōta).
  • This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, auxiliary verb) in traditional Japanese grammar.
  • In traditional Japanese grammar, this word has the following inflections: 未然形 (mizenkei, irrealis or incomplete form) たろ (-taro-), used to form the past conjectural suffix たろう (-tarō), and 仮定形 (kateikei, hypothetical stem) たら (-tara-), used to form the conditional suffix たら (-tara) or たらば (-taraba). Modern linguistic analyses usually consider -ta, -tarō, and -tara(ba) three different suffixes.
Conjugation

See also

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
【誰】S
[pronoun] (obsolete, persists in some fossilized expressions) interrogative personal pronoun: who, whom
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.
For a list of all kanji read as , not just those used in Japanese terms, see Category:Japanese kanji read as た.)

Etymology 4

/to wa//ta/

Phrase

(ta) 

  1. Contraction of とは (to wa): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
See also
  • たあ ()

Etymology 5

/(-t̚) wa//(-t͡ɕɨ) wa//(-t͡sʉ) wa//(-t̚)ta/

Appears in noh and kyogen texts.

Contraction of any Sino-Japanese-derived term ending in a -t̚ 入声 (nisshō, entering tone) (-chi) or (-tsu) + particle (wa).

Particle

(ta) 

  1. (rare) Synonym of (wa):
Derived terms
  • (こん)(にっ) (konnitta)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  • 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spelling

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

(ta)

  1. interrogative personal pronoun: who
    • 711712, Kojiki (poem 94)
      美母呂爾都久夜多麻加岐都岐阿麻斯爾加母余良牟加微能美夜比登
      mi1-mo2ro2 ni tuku ya tamakaki1 tuki1amasi ta ni ka mo2 yo2ramu kami2 no2 mi1yapi1to2
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Derived terms
  • たが (ta ga)
  • たそ (ta so2)
  • (tare)
Descendants
  • Japanese: (ta)

Etymology 2

Alternative spelling

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

(ta)

  1. a sake, reason
    • 749, Shoku Nihongi (Tenpyō-shōhō 1, first day of the fourth lunar month)
      所念種種法中爾波大御言國家護勝在聞召。
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 5, poem 808), text here
      多都乃麻乎安礼波毛等米牟阿遠爾与志奈良乃美夜古邇許牟比等乃
      tatu no2 ma wo are pa motome2mu awoni yosi Nara no2 mi1yako1 ni ko2mu pi1to2 no2 ta ni
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Usage notes
  • Takes either the particle (ni) or (no2).
Derived terms
  • ため (tame2)

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

(ta-)

  1. prefixed to a verb, adjective, or adverb to indicate an adjusting tone
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 40)
      阿波旎辭摩異椰敷多那羅弭阿豆枳辭摩異椰敷多那羅弭豫呂辭枳辭摩之魔儾伽佐例阿羅智之吉備那流伊慕塢阿比瀰菟流慕能
      Apadi-sima iya putanarabi Aduki1-sima iya putanarabi yo2ro2siki1 simasima ta ka ta-sarearatisi Ki1bi2 naru imo wo api1mi1turu mono2
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
随便看

 

国际大辞典收录了7408809条英语、德语、日语等多语种在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的翻译及用法,是外语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2023 idict.net All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间:2024/8/8 8:51:05