φόρος
See also: -φόρος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From the o-grade of the root of φέρω (phérō, “to bring, carry”) + -ος (-os): originally “that which is brought”.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰó.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰo.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸo.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfo.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfo.ros/
Noun
φόρος • (phóros) m (genitive φόρου); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)
- tribute
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.6.2:
- οὗτος ὁ Κροῖσος βαρβάρων πρῶτος τῶν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν τοὺς μὲν κατεστρέψατο Ἑλλήνων ἐς φόρου ἀπαγωγήν
- hoûtos ho Kroîsos barbárōn prôtos tôn hēmeîs ídmen toùs mèn katestrépsato Hellḗnōn es phórou apagōgḗn
- This Croesus was the first foreigner that we know of who subjected some Greeks to the paying of tribute
- οὗτος ὁ Κροῖσος βαρβάρων πρῶτος τῶν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν τοὺς μὲν κατεστρέψατο Ἑλλήνων ἐς φόρου ἀπαγωγήν
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.96.2:
- ἦν δ’ ὁ πρῶτος φόρος ταχθεὶς τετρακόσια τάλαντα καὶ ἑξήκοντα.
- ên d’ ho prôtos phóros takhtheìs tetrakósia tálanta kaì hexḗkonta.
- The first tribute was set at four hundred and sixty talents.
- ἦν δ’ ὁ πρῶτος φόρος ταχθεὶς τετρακόσια τάλαντα καὶ ἑξήκοντα.
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 657:
- καὶ πρῶτον μὲν λόγισαι φαύλως, μὴ ψήφοις ἀλλ’ ἀπὸ χειρός,
τὸν φόρον ἡμῖν ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων συλλήβδην τὸν προσιόντα- kaì prôton mèn lógisai phaúlōs, mḕ psḗphois all’ apò kheirós,
tòn phóron hēmîn apò tôn póleōn sullḗbdēn tòn prosiónta - and first reckon offhand, not with pebbles but your fingers,
the sum total of our tribute that is coming in from the towns
- kaì prôton mèn lógisai phaúlōs, mḕ psḗphois all’ apò kheirós,
- καὶ πρῶτον μὲν λόγισαι φαύλως, μὴ ψήφοις ἀλλ’ ἀπὸ χειρός,
Declension
Second declension of ὁ φόρος; τοῦ φόρου (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ φόρος ho phóros | τὼ φόρω tṑ phórō | οἱ φόροι hoi phóroi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ φόρου toû phórou | τοῖν φόροιν toîn phóroin | τῶν φόρων tôn phórōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ φόρῳ tôi phórōi | τοῖν φόροιν toîn phóroin | τοῖς φόροις toîs phórois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν φόρον tòn phóron | τὼ φόρω tṑ phórō | τοὺς φόρους toùs phórous | ||||||||||
Vocative | φόρε phóre | φόρω phórō | φόροι phóroi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Descendants
- Byzantine Greek:
- → Romani: fòros (“town”), fòro
- Kalo Finnish Romani: fooros
- Greek: φόρος (fóros)
- → Romani: fòros (“town”), fòro
Further reading
- “φόρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Greek
Etymology
Formed from the Ancient Greek verb φέρω (phérō, “carry, bring”), akin to the similar suffix -φόρος m (-fóros).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfoɾos/
- Hyphenation: φό‧ρος
Noun
φόρος • (fóros) m (plural φόροι)
- tax (payment levied by the state)
- tribute (payment in cash or kind levied on a state or individual)
Declension
declension of φόρος
case \\ number | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | φόρος • | φόροι • |
genitive | φόρου • | φόρων • |
accusative | φόρο • | φόρους • |
vocative | φόρε • | φόροι • |
Derived terms
- φοροαπαλλαγή f (foroapallagí, “tax exemption”)
- φοροδιαφυγή f (forodiafygí, “tax evasion”)
- φορολογία f (forología, “taxation”)
- φοροτεχνικός m or f (forotechnikós, “tax consultant”)
- φοροτεχνικός (forotechnikós, “tax related”)
- φοροφυγάς m (forofygás, “tax evader”)