γέεννα
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From the Biblical Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם (gēhinnṓm, “the valley of Hinnom”), from גַּיְא (gáyʾ, “valley”) and הִנֹּם (hinnṓm, “Hinnom”). The Hinnom Valley was a valley on the southern border of Jerusalem where refuse and the bodies of people denied a proper burial were burned. According to tradition, child sacrifices also took place in this valley. In most usages, this is an allegorical reference to hell.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡé.en.na/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɡe.en.na/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈʝe.en.na/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈʝe.en.na/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈʝe.e.na/
Proper noun
γέεννᾰ • (géenna) f (genitive γεέννης); first declension
- Gehenna
- hell
- 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 23:33:
- ὄφεις! γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν! πῶς φύγητε ἀπὸ τῆς κρίσεως τῆς γεέννης?
- ópheis! gennḗmata ekhidnôn! pôs phúgēte apò tês kríseōs tês geénnēs?
- Snakes! Offspring of vipers! How will you escape the judgment of Hell?
- ὄφεις! γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν! πῶς φύγητε ἀπὸ τῆς κρίσεως τῆς γεέννης?
Declension
First declension of ἡ γέεννᾰ; τῆς γεέννης (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ γέεννᾰ hē géenna | τὼ γεέννᾱ tṑ geénnā | αἱ γέενναι hai géennai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς γεέννης tês geénnēs | τοῖν γεένναιν toîn geénnain | τῶν γεεννῶν tôn geennôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ γεέννῃ têi geénnēi | τοῖν γεένναιν toîn geénnain | ταῖς γεένναις taîs geénnais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν γέεννᾰν tḕn géennan | τὼ γεέννᾱ tṑ geénnā | τᾱ̀ς γεέννᾱς tā̀s geénnās | ||||||||||
Vocative | γέεννᾰ géenna | γεέννᾱ geénnā | γέενναι géennai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Descendants
- → Aghwan: 𐔲𐔴𐕆𐔴𐕎𐔰 (gehena)
- → Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰 (gaiainna)
- → Latin: gehenna
- → English: Gehenna
- → Old Armenian: գեհեն (gehen)
- → Old Georgian: გეჰენია (gehenia), გეჰჱნია (gehēnia)
Further reading
- “γέεννα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “γέεννα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- γέεννα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- γέεννα in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- G1067 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
Noun
γέεννα • (géenna) f (uncountable)
- hell, gehenna (one of various hells in Abrahamic religions)
Declension
γέεννα
case \\ number | singular |
---|---|
nominative | γέεννα • |
genitive | γέεννας • |
accusative | γέεννα • |
vocative | γέεννα • |
Synonyms
- Κόλαση f (Kólasi)
- Τάρταρα n pl (Tártara)
- Άδης n pl (Ádis)