Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wirkijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną. Equivalent to *werk +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*wirkijan

to work
to make

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*wirkijan
1st sg. past	*wirkidā
Infinitive	*wirkijan
Genitive infin.	*wirkijannjas
Dative infin.	*wirkijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*wirkijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*wirkiju	*wirkidā
2nd singular	*wirkisi	wirkidēs, wirkidōs
3rd singular	*wirkiþi	wirkidē, wirkidā
1st plural	*wirkijum	*wirkidum
2nd plural	*wirkiþ	*wirkidud
3rd plural	*wirkijanþ	*wirkidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*wirkijē	*wirkidī
2nd singular	*wirkijēs	*wirkidī
3rd singular	*wirkijē	*wirkidī
1st plural	*wirkijēm	*wirkidīm
2nd plural	*wirkijēþ	*wirkidīd
3rd plural	*wirkijēn	*wirkidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*wirki
Plural	*wirkiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*wirkijandī	*wirkid

Derived terms

*gawirkijan

Descendants

Old English: wyrċan, wyrċean, wirċean
- Middle English: werchen, wirchen, werken
  - English: work, wrought (from past participle worhte)
  - Scots: wark, wirk
Old Frisian: wirka, wirza, werka
- West Frisian: wurkje
Old Saxon: wirkian
- Middle Low German: werken
  - German Low German: warken
Old Dutch: wirken
- Middle Dutch: werken
  - Dutch: werken
  - Limburgish: wèrke
Old High German: wirken
- Middle High German: wirken
  - German: wirken
- Luxembourgish: wierken