Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰewgʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*dʰewgʰ- (imperfective)[1][2]

to produce[1], to produce something useful[3]
to be strong, have force[4]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewgʰ-

*dʰéwgʰ-ti ~ *dʰugʰ-énti (athematic root present)
*dʰu-né-gʰ-ti ~ *dʰu-n-gʰ-énti (nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *tunkʰanō
  - Ancient Greek: τυγχάνω (tunkhánō)
    - Greek: τυχαίνω (tychaíno)
*dʰi-dʰugʰ-sḱé-tor
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τιτύσκομαι (titúskomai)
*dʰe-dʰówgʰ-e ~ *dʰe-dʰugʰ-ḗr (stative)
*dʰugʰ-
- (possibly) Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: յ-ան-դուգն (y-an-dugn, “bold, rash”)[5]
*dʰéwgʰ-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰáwgʰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰáwgʰas
    - Sanskrit: दोहस् (dóhas)
      - ⇒ Sanskrit: दोहसे (doháse)
- Proto-Hellenic: *téwkʰos
  - Ancient Greek: τεῦχος (teûkhos)
*dʰúgʰ-eh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *túkʰā
  - Ancient Greek: τύχη (túkhē), τιούχᾱ (tioúkhā), τούχᾱ (toúkhā)
    - Greek: τύχη (týchi)
*dʰugʰ-néh₂-
- Proto-Germanic: *dukkǭ (“power, strength; muscle”) (see there for further descendants)
*dʰugʰ-o-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *dugъ (“strength, power”)
*dʰugʰ-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰugdʰás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dugdʰás
    - Sanskrit: दुग्ध (dugdhá)
*dʰugh₂tḗr (perhaps)
Unsorted formations:
- Albanian: duhet (“must”, verb)
- Proto-Germanic: *dugunþō (“utility, virtue, strength”) (see there for further descendants)
- Irish: dual
- Scottish Gaelic: duan

References

Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 271
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 614a
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 370
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “Haykakankʿ (Armeniaca)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 627–628

[Ringe_2006-1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 271

[3] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 614a

[4] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 370

[5] Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “Haykakankʿ (Armeniaca)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 627–628