< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gruttōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *gʰrudnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *greutaną (“to crush”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣrut.tɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*gruttōną
- to crush, grind, cut apart
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *grutt- against *grut-.
Conjugation of *gruttōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gruttō | *gruttǭ | — | *gruttōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *gruttōsi | *gruttōs | *gruttō | *gruttōsai | *gruttōsau |
| 3rd singular | *gruttōþi | *gruttō | *gruttōþau | *gruttōþai | *gruttōþau |
| 1st dual | *gruttōs | *gruttōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gruttōþiz | *gruttōþiz | *gruttōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gruttōmaz | *gruttōm | — | *gruttōnþai | *gruttōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *gruttōþ | *gruttōþ | *gruttōþ | *gruttōnþai | *gruttōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *gruttōnþi | *gruttōn | *gruttōnþau | *gruttōnþai | *gruttōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gruttōdǭ | *gruttōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gruttōdēz | *gruttōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gruttōdē | *gruttōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *gruttōdēdū | *gruttōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gruttōdēdudiz | *gruttōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gruttōdēdum | *gruttōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gruttōdēdud | *gruttōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gruttōdēdun | *gruttōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gruttōndz | *gruttōdaz | |||
Descendants
- Palatine German: grotzen, grutzen
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN