Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gans

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (compare Irish gé, Latin ānser, Latvian zùoss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Albanian gatë, Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Avestan 𐬰𐬁‎ (zā), Sanskrit हंस (haṃsá)). Proto-Slavic *gǫ̑sь, however, does not exhibit the regular satem development as Baltic does and is therefore better explained as a Germanic loan, or at least influenced by the Germanic cognate.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣɑns/

Noun

*gans f

goose

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *gans (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gans	*gansiz
vocative	*gans	*gansiz
accusative	*gansų	*gansunz
genitive	*gansiz	*gansǫ̂
dative	*gansi	*gansumaz
instrumental	*gansē	*gansumiz

Derived terms

*gansiz
*gansô ~ *ganzô

Related terms

*ganataz
*ganatô

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gans
- Old English: gōs
  - Middle English: goos, goce, gos, gose, gosse
    - English: goose
    - Scots: guse
- Old Frisian: *gōs
  - North Frisian:
    Most dialects: gus
    Sylt: Guus
    Wiedingharde: goos
  - Saterland Frisian: Gous
  - West Frisian: goes
- Old Saxon: *gās, *gōs
  - Middle Low German: gās, gōs, gūs
    - German Low German: Goos
- Old Dutch: *gans
  - Middle Dutch: gans
    - Dutch: gans, goes
      - Afrikaans: gans
        → Xhosa: urhanisi
        → Zulu: ihansi
      - Jersey Dutch: xânz
      - Negerhollands: gans
      - → Arawak: kansa
      - → Caribbean Hindustani: hans
      - → Papiamentu: gans (dated)
      - → Sranan Tongo: gansi
        → Aukan: gansi
        → Saramaccan: gánsi
- Old High German: gans, kans
  - Middle High German: gans, gas
    - Alemannic German: Gaas, Gants
    - German: Gans
    - Luxembourgish: Gäns, Gaus
    - Vilamovian: gaons
    - Yiddish: גאַנדז‎ (gandz)
Old Norse: gás
- Icelandic: gás, ⇒ gæs (analogously after plural gæss)
- Faroese: gás
- Norwegian Nynorsk: gås
- Elfdalian: gą̊s
- Westrobothnian: gås, gas
- Old Swedish: gās
  - Swedish: gås
- Old Danish: gās
  - Danish: gås
    - Norwegian Bokmål: gås
  - Scanian: gás
- Gutnish: gas
Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 (*gans)
- → Asturian: gansu
- → Galician: ganso
- → Portuguese: ganso
- → Spanish: ganso
- →? Proto-Slavic: *gǫ̑sь (see there for further descendants)
→ Latin: ganta