< Reconstruction:Latin
Reconstruction:Latin/spio
 | This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Latin
Alternative forms
- *spicō, *spincō
Etymology
Borrowed from Frankish *spehōn (“to spy, watch”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /spioː/
Verb
*spiō (present infinitive *spiāre, perfect active *spiāvī, supine *spiātum); first conjugation
- I spy; I espy.
Inflection
Italo-Western Romance conjugation of *spiō
| infinitive | *ẹspiárę | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | *ẹspiántẹs | ||||||
| gerund | *ẹspiándọ | ||||||
| past participle | *ẹspiátọ | ||||||
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| simple tenses | present | *ẹ́spiọ | *ẹ́spias | *ẹ́spiat | *ẹspiámọs | *ẹspiátẹs | *ẹ́spiant |
| imperfect | *ẹspiávã | *ẹspiávas | *ẹspiávat | *ẹspiavámọs | *ẹspiavátẹs | *ẹspiávant | |
| perfect | *ẹspiái | *ẹspiásti | *ẹspẹáút | *ẹspiámmọs | *ẹspiástẹs | *ẹspiárọnt | |
| pluperfect | *ẹspiárã | *ẹspiáras | *ẹspiárat | *ẹspiarámọs | *ẹspiarátẹs | *ẹspiárant | |
| future perfect | *ẹspiárẽ | *ẹspiárẹs | *ẹspiárẹt | *ẹspiárẹmọs | *ẹspiárẹtẹs | *ẹspiárẹnt | |
| future | *ẹspiárę áviọ | *ẹspiárę ávẹs | *ẹspiárę ávęt | *ẹspiárę avẹ́mọs | *ẹspiárę avẹ́tẹs | *ẹspiárę ávęnt | |
| compound tenses | perfect | *áviọ ẹspiátọ | *ávẹs ẹspiátọ | *ávęt ẹspiátọ | *avẹ́mọs ẹspiátọ | *avẹ́tẹs ẹspiátọ | *ávęnt ẹspiátọ |
| pluperfect | *avẹ́vã ẹspiátọ | *avẹ́vas ẹspiátọ | *avẹ́vat ẹspiátọ | *avẹvámọ ẹspiátọ | *avẹvátẹs ẹspiátọ | *avẹ́vant ẹspiátọ | |
| future perfect | *avẹ́rę áviọ ẹspiátọ | *avẹ́rę ávẹs ẹspiátọ | *avẹ́rę ávęt ẹspiátọ | *avẹ́rę avẹ́mọs ẹspiátọ | *avẹ́rę avẹ́tẹs ẹspiátọ | *avẹ́rę ávęnt ẹspiátọ | |
| conditional | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *ẹspiárę avẹ́vã | *ẹspiárę avẹ́vas | *ẹspiárę avẹ́vat | *ẹspiárę avẹvámọs | *ẹspiárę avẹvátẹs | *ẹspiárę avẹ́vant | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *ẹ́spẹẽ | *ẹ́spẹẹs | *ẹ́spẹęt | *ẹspẹẹ́mọs | *ẹspẹẹ́tẹs | *ẹ́spẹęnt | |
| imperfect | *ẹspiárẽ | *ẹspiárẹs | *ẹspiáręt | *ẹspiarẹ́mọs | *ẹspiarẹ́tẹs | *ẹspiáręnt | |
| pluperfect | *ẹspiássẽ | *ẹspiássẹs | *ẹspiássęt | *ẹspiassẹ́mọs | *ẹspiassẹ́tẹs | *ẹspiássęnt | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| — | second | — | — | second | — | ||
| present | — | *ẹ́spia | — | — | *ẹspiátę | — | |
Eastern Romance conjugation of *spiō
| infinitive | *spiárę | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | *spiántẹs | ||||||
| gerund | *spiándo | ||||||
| past participle | *spiátu | ||||||
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| simple tenses | present | *spió | *spiás | *spiát | *spiámus | *spiátẹs | *spiánt |
| imperfect | *spiávã | *spiávas | *spiávat | *spiavámus | *spiavátẹs | *spiávant | |
| perfect | *spiái | *spiásti | *spẹáút | *spiámmus | *spiástẹs | *spiárunt | |
| future perfect | *spiárẽ | *spiárẹs | *spiárẹt | *spiárẹmus | *spiárẹtẹs | *spiárẹnt | |
| compound tenses | perfect | *ávio spiátu | *ávẹs spiátu | *ávęt spiátu | *avẹ́mus spiátu | *avẹ́tẹs spiátu | *ávęnt spiátu |
| pluperfect | *avẹ́vã spiátu | *avẹ́vas spiátu | *avẹ́vat spiátu | *avẹvámu spiátu | *avẹvátẹs spiátu | *avẹ́vant spiátu | |
| future perfect | *avẹ́rę ávio spiátu | *avẹ́rę ávẹs spiátu | *avẹ́rę ávęt spiátu | *avẹ́rę avẹ́mus spiátu | *avẹ́rę avẹ́tẹs spiátu | *avẹ́rę ávęnt spiátu | |
| future | *vǫ́lio spiárę | *vę́lẹs spiárę | *vǫ́lęt spiárę | *vǫlẹ́mus spiárę | *vǫlẹ́tẹs spiárę | *vǫ́lẹnt spiárę | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *spẹ́ẽ | *spẹ́ẹs | *spẹ́ęt | *spẹẹ́mus | *spẹẹ́tẹs | *spẹ́ęnt | |
| pluperfect | *spiássẽ | *spiássẹs | *spiássęt | *spiassẹ́mus | *spiassẹ́tẹs | *spiássęnt | |
Synonyms
- speculor
Descendants
- Franco-Provençal: apinchî (Lyonnais), epetzi (Swiss)
- Old French: espier, aspier; espeier, espoier
- Angevin: échaupier
- Bourbonnais-Berrichon: épiger (Berrichon, Bourbonnais)
- Middle French: espier
- French: épier
- Haitian Creole: espyon
- French: épier
- Lorrain: h'pié, khpiyé, khpwé
- Norman: êpier
- Picard: èpieu (Athois)
- Walloon: spwè
- → Middle English: aspien, aspyen, espien, espyen, spien
- English: aspy, espy, spy
- Scots: aspy, espy, spy
- → Welsh: sbio, ysbïo
- Iberian:
- Aragonese: espiar
- Old Leonese:
- Asturian: espiar
- Leonese: achisbare
- Old Portuguese: espiar
- Galician: espiar
- Portuguese: espiar
- Spanish: espiar
- Italian: spiare
- Old Occitan: espingar
- Occitan:
- Auvergnat: eipïjâ, espïjâ (South), eipijâ, espijâ (Yssingelais), eipïnchâ, espïnchâ (Velay), eipichâ (Gannatois), eipïtâ (Bourbonnaise, Gannatois, West Uplands), ipayà
- Gascon: aspiar
- Languedocien: espiar
- Provençal: espiar (Niçois), espigar
- Occitan:
- Romanian: spiona
- Sardinian: ispiare