ezer
Basque
Etymology
From Proto-Basque *ezer, composed of *e- (indefinite prefix) + *zer (“what”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /es̻er/, [e̞.s̻e̞r]
Pronoun
ezer
- anything
- Ez dut ezer ikusi. ― I didn't see anything.
- Ezer nahi baduzu, esan. ― If you want anything, tell me.
- nothing (in negative contexts)
- Ez du ezerk pozten. ― Nothing makes him happy.
Usage notes
This word is a negative polarity item, occurring in contexts such as negative sentences, questions, and conditional clauses. The only positive statements in which it corresponds to "anything" are mostly conditionals and questions.
Declension
nor | zer | zein | zenbat | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
negative | indefinite (some) | indefinite (any) | negative | indefinite (some) | indefinite (any) | indefinite (any) | indefinite (some) | |||||
absolutive | inor | norbait | edonor | ezer | zerbait | edozer | edozein | zenbait | ||||
ergative | inork | norbaitek | edonork | ezerk | zebaitek | edozerk | edozeinek | zenbaitek | ||||
dative | inori | norbaiti | edonori | ezeri | zerbaiti | edozeri | edozeini | zenbaiti | ||||
genitive | inoren | norbaiten | edonoren | ezeren | zerbaiten | edozeren | edozeinen | zenbaiten | ||||
comitative | inorekin | norbaitekin | edonorekin | ezerekin | zerbaitekin | edozerekin | edozeinekin | zenbaitekin | ||||
causative | inorengatik | norbaitengatik | edonorengatik | ezerengatik | zerbaitengatik | edozerengatik | edozeinengatik | zenbaitengatik | ||||
benefactive | inorentzat | norbaitentzat | edonorentzat | ezerentzat | zerbaitentzat | edozerentzat | edozeinentzat | zenbaitentzat | ||||
instrumental | animate | inortaz | norbaitez | edonortaz | ― | ― | ― | edozeinetaz | zenbaitetaz | |||
inanimate | ― | ― | ― | ezertaz | zerbaitez, zerbaitetaz | edozertaz | edozeinez | zenbaitez | ||||
inessive | animate | inorengan | norbaitengan | edonorengan | ― | ― | ― | edozeinengan | zenbaitengan | |||
inanimate | inon | nonbaiten | edonon | ezertan | zerbaitetan | edozertan | zeinetan | zenbaitean, zenbaitetan | ||||
locative | animate | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | |||
inanimate | inongo | norabaiteko | edonongo | ― | zerbaitetako | ― | edozeinetako | zenbaiteko, zenbaitetako | ||||
allative | animate | inorengana | norbaitengana | edonorengana | ― | ― | ― | edozeinengana | zenbaitengana | |||
inanimate | inora | norabaitera | edonora | ezertara | zerbaitera | edozertara | edozeinetara | zenbaitetara | ||||
terminative | animate | inorenganaino | norbaitenganaino | edonorenganaino | ― | ― | ― | edozeinenganaino | zenbaitenganaino | |||
inanimate | inoraino | norabaiteraino | edonoraino | ezertaraino | zerbaiteraino | edozertaraino | edozeinetaraino | zenbaitetaraino | ||||
directive | animate | inorenganantz | norbaitenganantz | edonorenganantz | ― | ― | ― | edozeinenganantz | zenbaitenganantz | |||
inanimate | inorantz | norabaiterantz | edonorantz | ezertarantz | zerbaiterantz | edozertarantz | edozeinetarantz | zenbaitetarantz | ||||
destinative | animate | inorenganako | norbaitenganako | edonorenganako | ― | ― | ― | edozeinenganako | zenbaitenganako | |||
inanimate | inorako | norabaiterako | edonorako | ezertarako | zerbaiterako | edozertarako | edozeinetarako | zenbaitetarako | ||||
ablative | animate | inorengandik | norbaitengandik | edonorengandik | ― | ― | ― | edozeinengandik | zenbaitengandik | |||
inanimate | inondik | ― | edonondik | ezertatik | zerbaitetatik | edozertatik | edozeinetatik | zenbaitetatik |
References
- “zer” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Further reading
- "ezer" in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], euskaltzaindia.eus
- “ezer” in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], euskaltzaindia.eus
Hungarian
10,000 | ||||
← 100 | ← 500 | 1,000 | 1,100 → [a], [b] | 2,000 → |
---|---|---|---|---|
100 | ||||
Cardinal: ezer Nominal: ezres Ordinal: ezredik A.o.: ezredszer, ezredjére Adverbial: ezerszer Multiplier: ezerszeres Distributive: ezr(es)ével, ezrenként Fractional: ezred Number of people: ezren |
Etymology
From Iranian, more specifically possibly from Alanic. Compare Ossetian ӕрзӕ́ (ærzǽ), Persian هزار (hezâr). The Iranian word is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom.[1]The Permic languages have also borrowed this numeral from Indo-Iranian, compare Komi-Zyryan сюрс (sʹurs) and Udmurt сюрс (sjurs).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛzɛr]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ezer
- Rhymes: -ɛr
Numeral
ezer
- one thousand
- Synonym: egyezer
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ezer | ezrek |
accusative | ezret | ezreket |
dative | ezernek | ezreknek |
instrumental | ezerrel | ezrekkel |
causal-final | ezerért | ezrekért |
translative | ezerré | ezrekké |
terminative | ezerig | ezrekig |
essive-formal | ezerként | ezrekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | ezerben | ezrekben |
superessive | ezren | ezreken |
adessive | ezernél | ezreknél |
illative | ezerbe | ezrekbe |
sublative | ezerre | ezrekre |
allative | ezerhez | ezrekhez |
elative | ezerből | ezrekből |
delative | ezerről | ezrekről |
ablative | ezertől | ezrektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular | ezeré | ezreké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | ezeréi | ezrekéi |
Possessive forms of ezer | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | ezrem | ezreim |
2nd person sing. | ezred | ezreid |
3rd person sing. | ezre | ezrei |
1st person plural | ezrünk | ezreink |
2nd person plural | ezretek | ezreitek |
3rd person plural | ezrük | ezreik |
Derived terms
- ezernyi
- ezerszer
- ezred
- ezredes
- ezredik
- ezrelék
- ezres
- egyezer
- ezeregyszáz
- kétezer
- ötezer
- nyolcezer
- tízezer
- húszezer
- százezer
- ezeréves
- ezerszög
(Non-institutionalized adjectival compounds with single-element numerals [excerpt]):
ezermilliós, ezermilliárdos, ezerbilliós; ezerméteres, ezerkilós, ezergrammos, ezertonnás, ezerliteres; ezerwattos, ezeramperes; ezernapi, ezernapos, ezerhetes, ezerheti, ezeréves, ezerévi; ezeróránként, ezernaponta, ezernaponként, ezerévente, ezerévenként; ezerfokos, ezerfokú, ezerirányú, ezeroldalas, ezeroldalú, ezerkötetes, ezerdimenziós, ezerszázalékos, ezerkerekű, ezerfős, ezerfőnyi, ezernyelvű, ezertagú, ezerelemű, ezerrészes, ezeremeletes, ezerrétegű, ezerszintes, ezerablakos, ezerajtós, ezerüléses, ezerjegyű, ezerpontos, ezerszavas, ezerbetűs, ezersoros; ezerforintos, ezerdolláros, ezereurós; ezerlábú, ezerágú, ezerfejű, ezerkezű, ezerkarú, ezerszemű, ezerfülű, ezerlevelű.
Descendants
- → Slovene: jèzero (“thousand”)
References
- ezer in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- ezer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN