endurer
English
Etymology
endure + -er
Noun
endurer (plural endurers)
- One who, or that which, endures or lasts.
French
Etymology
From Old French endurer, andurer, from Latin indūrāre, present active infinitive of indūrō. According to the TLFi, it was a borrowing (semi-learned), however it was attested as early as 1050. Doublet of indurer, a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.dy.ʁe/
Audio (file) - Homophones: endurai, enduré, endurée, endurées, endurés, endurez
Verb
endurer
- (transitive) to endure
Conjugation
Conjugation of endurer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | endurer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | endurant /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | enduré /ɑ̃.dy.ʁe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | endure /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ | endures /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ | endure /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ | endurons /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɔ̃/ | endurez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁe/ | endurent /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
| imperfect | endurais /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɛ/ | endurais /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɛ/ | endurait /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɛ/ | endurions /ɑ̃.dy.ʁjɔ̃/ | enduriez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁje/ | enduraient /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | endurai /ɑ̃.dy.ʁe/ | enduras /ɑ̃.dy.ʁa/ | endura /ɑ̃.dy.ʁa/ | endurâmes /ɑ̃.dy.ʁam/ | endurâtes /ɑ̃.dy.ʁat/ | endurèrent /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | endurerai /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁe/ | endureras /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁa/ | endurera /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁa/ | endurerons /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | endurerez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁe/ | endureront /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | endurerais /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | endurerais /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | endurerait /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | endurerions /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ | endureriez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁje/ | endureraient /ɑ̃.dy.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | endure /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ | endures /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ | endure /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ | endurions /ɑ̃.dy.ʁjɔ̃/ | enduriez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁje/ | endurent /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | endurasse /ɑ̃.dy.ʁas/ | endurasses /ɑ̃.dy.ʁas/ | endurât /ɑ̃.dy.ʁa/ | endurassions /ɑ̃.dy.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ | endurassiez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁa.sje/ | endurassent /ɑ̃.dy.ʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | endure /ɑ̃.dyʁ/ | — | endurons /ɑ̃.dy.ʁɔ̃/ | endurez /ɑ̃.dy.ʁe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- endurance
Related terms
- durer
Further reading
- “endurer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Alternative forms
- andurer
Etymology
From Latin indūrāre, present active infinitive of indūrō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /endyˈreːr/
Verb
endurer
- to suffer; to endure; to undergo
- circa 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, page 90 (of the Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, lines 789-90:
- U li haïr u li amer
m'irt forte paine a endurer- Whether I hate her or I love her
there will be great pain for me to endure.
- Whether I hate her or I love her
-
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of endurer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | endurer | avoir enduré | |||||
| gerund | en endurant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | endurant | ||||||
| past participle | enduré | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | endur | endures | endure | endurons | endurez | endurent |
| imperfect | enduroie, endureie, enduroe, endureve | enduroies, endureies, enduroes, endureves | enduroit, endureit, endurot, endureve | enduriiens, enduriens | enduriiez, enduriez | enduroient, endureient, enduroent, endurevent | |
| preterite | endurai | enduras | endura | endurames | endurastes | endurerent | |
| future | endurerai | endureras | endurera | endurerons | endureroiz, endurereiz, endurerez | endureront | |
| conditional | endureroie, endurereie | endureroies, endurereies | endureroit, endurereit | endureriiens, endureriens | endureriiez, endureriez | endureroient, endurereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | endur | endurs | endurt | endurons | endurez | endurent |
| imperfect | endurasse | endurasses | endurast | endurissons, endurissiens | endurissoiz, endurissez, endurissiez | endurassent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | endure | — | endurons | endurez | — | ||
Descendants
- → English: endure
- French: endurer