逆

逆	U+9006, 逆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9006

← 逅
[U+9005]

CJK Unified Ideographs

逇 →
[U+9007]

Translingual

Han character

逆 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿山 (YTU), four-corner 3830₄, composition ⿺辶屰)

References

KangXi: page 1256, character 30

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38849

Dae Jaweon: page 1741, character 12

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3833, character 2

Unihan data for U+9006

Chinese

trad.		逆
simp. ^#		逆
alternative forms		屰𨒫

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (屰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
斥	ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ
訴	*sŋaːɡs
泝	*sŋaːɡs
愬	sŋaːɡs, sŋreːɡ
遡	*sŋaːɡs
塑	*sŋaːɡs
溯	*sŋaːɡs
遻	*ŋaːɡs
柝	*tŋ̊ʰaːɡ
鶚	*ŋaːɡ
諤	*ŋaːɡ
齶	*ŋaːɡ
鍔	*ŋaːɡ
遌	*ŋaːɡ
崿	*ŋaːɡ
偔	*ŋaːɡ
堮	*ŋaːɡ
湂	*ŋaːɡ
鱷	*ŋaːɡ
噩	*ŋaːɡ
咢	*ŋaːɡ
鑩	*ŋaːɡ
鄂	*ŋaːɡ
鰐	*ŋaːɡ
萼	*ŋaːɡ
愕	*ŋaːɡ
顎	*ŋaːɡ
朔	*sŋraːɡ
槊	*sraːwɢ
蒴	*sraːwɢ
坼	*tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
拆	*tŋ̊ʰraːɡ
逆	*ŋraɡ
屰	*ŋraɡ
縌	*ŋraɡ
蝷	*reːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋraɡ) : semantic 辶 (“movement”) + phonetic 屰 (OC *ŋraɡ, “go against”) – going in the opposite direction, contrary, disobedient.

Also originally written 屰, see there for more.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to receive, to welcome; to face, to go against”) and 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): nì (ni⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ
(Chengdu, SP): nyie²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): jik⁶, ngaak⁶
(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngak⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngia̍k
(Meixian, Guangdong): ngiag⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): nieh⁵
Min Bei (KCR): ngà̤
Min Dong (BUC): ngĭk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gia̍k / ge̍k / ke̍h
(Teochew, Peng'im): ngêg⁸ / ngiag⁸ / gêh⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): nyiq (T5)
Xiang (Wiktionary): nyi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nì
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nì
  - Wade–Giles: ni⁴
  - Yale: nì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
  - Palladius: ни (ni)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nyie²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nie
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲiɛ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jik⁶, ngaak⁶
  - Yale: yihk, ngaahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹, ngaak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶, ngag⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/, /ŋaːk̚²/

Note:

jik6 - literary;
ngaak6 - vernacular.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngak⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡak̚³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngia̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiag
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiag⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯ak̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngiag⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲiak̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: nieh⁵
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /niəʔ⁵⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngà̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɛ⁴²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngĭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: gia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giak
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡiak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
  - Tâi-lô: gi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gek
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ke̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keh
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /keʔ⁴/

Note:

gia̍k/ge̍k - literary;
ke̍h - 桀 is used in the Mainland China.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngêg⁸ / ngiag⁸ / gêh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nge̍k / ngia̍k / ke̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋek̚⁴/, /ŋiak̚⁴/, /keʔ⁴/

Note:

ngêg8/ngiag8 - literary;
gêh8 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyiq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi̯ɪʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nyi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 逆
Mandarin	Beijing	/ni⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ni⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ni⁵³/
	Jinan	/ȵi⁴²/ 新 /i⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ni⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/i⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ni²¹/
	Xining	/mji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ni¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ȵi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ni²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ȵie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/
	Kunming	/ni³¹/
	Nanjing	/liʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/liəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/niʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/niəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ni²²/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵi²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ȵi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiak̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋiɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jek̚²/
	Nanning	/nek̚²²/ /ŋek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jik̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/gik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋɛ⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ŋek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ŋek̚³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋˠiæk̚/

Rime
Character	逆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	庚 (115)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	宜戟切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚiak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋiajk̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiɐk̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋiɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋrak/
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋraɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	逆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nì
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjæk ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋrak/
English	go against
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	逆
Reading #	1/1
No.	9474
Phonetic component	屰
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	逆
Old Chinese	/*ŋraɡ/

Definitions

逆

^† to greet; to meet; to welcome
^† to accept
to go against; to disobey
逆流 ― nìliú ― to go against the current
to oppose; to resist
opposite
逆行 ― nìxíng ― to go against the traffic
^† in advance
^† adverse; unfavourable
逆境 ― nìjìng ― adverse situations
^† rebel; traitor

Compounds

Derived terms from 逆

以意逆志
倒行逆施 (dàoxíngnìshī)
反逆 (fǎnnì)
叛逆 (pànnì)
吐逆
呃逆 (ènì)
大逆 (dànì)
大逆不孝
大逆不道 (dànìbùdào)
封筒逆封
忠言逆耳 (zhōngyánnì'ěr)
忤逆 (wǔnì)
忤逆不孝 (wǔnì bùxiào)
悖逆 (bèinì)
抗逆力 (kàngnìlì)
拂逆
昏逆
本末舛逆
桀逆放恣
目逆
篡逆 (cuànnì)
罪逆深重
背逆
舛逆
莫逆 (mònì)
莫逆之交 (mònìzhījiāo)
莫逆之友
莫逆之契
莫逆交
覆逆
誖逆
逆事
逆光 (nìguāng)
逆入平出
逆叛
逆向 (nìxiàng)
逆向思考
逆向整合
逆命

逆境 (nìjìng)
逆增
逆天悖理
逆天暴物
逆天背理
逆女
逆子 (nìzǐ)
逆家子
逆差 (nìchā)
逆序
逆折
逆接
逆料 (nìliào)
逆旅 (nìlǚ)
逆水 (nìshuǐ)
逆水行舟 (nìshuǐxíngzhōu)
逆流 (nìliú)
逆溯
逆睹
逆知
逆耳 (nì'ěr)
逆耳之言
逆耳利行
逆耳忠言
逆行 (nìxíng)
逆行倒施
附逆
凶逆
亂臣逆子／乱臣逆子
亂逆／乱逆 (luànnì)
可逆反應／可逆反应
嘔逆／呕逆
大逆無道／大逆无道 (dànìwúdào)
惡逆／恶逆
批逆鱗／批逆鳞
橫逆／横逆
氣逆／气逆
相視莫逆／相视莫逆
衝波逆折／冲波逆折

襲逆／袭逆
觸逆／触逆
討逆除暴／讨逆除暴
誅凶殄逆／诛凶殄逆
誅凶討逆／诛凶讨逆
誅暴討逆／诛暴讨逆
謀逆／谋逆 (móunì)
謀逆不軌／谋逆不轨
貿易逆差／贸易逆差
賊臣逆子／贼臣逆子
逆亂／逆乱 (nìluàn)
逆來順受／逆来顺受 (nìláishùnshòu)
逆倫／逆伦
逆勢／逆势
逆取順守／逆取顺守
逆向公車／逆向公车
逆天犯順／逆天犯顺
逆天違理／逆天违理
逆子賊臣／逆子贼臣
逆溫／逆温
逆溫層／逆温层
逆理違天／逆理违天
逆產／逆产
逆臣賊子／逆臣贼子
逆訪／逆访
逆詐／逆诈
逆證／逆证
逆豎／逆竖 (nìshù)
逆賊／逆贼 (nìzéi)
逆轉／逆转 (nìzhuǎn)
逆道亂常／逆道乱常
逆鋒／逆锋
逆風／逆风 (nìfēng)
逆風撐船／逆风撑船
逆鱗／逆鳞 (nìlín)
違逆／违逆 (wéinì)
順我者昌，逆我者亡／顺我者昌，逆我者亡 (shùn wǒ zhě chāng, nì wǒ zhě wáng)
頑逆／顽逆
高空逆溫／高空逆温

Japanese

Shinjitai	逆
Kyūjitai [1]	逆󠄁 逆+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	逆󠄃 逆+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

逆

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

reverse, opposite, upside-down
opposition, rebellion

Readings

Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: げき (geki)
Kun: さか (saka, 逆, Jōyō); さかう (sakau, 逆う); さかさ (sakasa, 逆さ); さかさま (sakasama, 逆さま); さかしま (sakashima, 逆しま); さかる (sakaru, 逆る); さからう (sakarau, 逆らう, Jōyō); むかたむ (mukatamu, 逆む)

Compounds

逆位
逆意
逆(ぎゃっ)境(きょう) (gyakkyō)
逆計
逆(ぎゃっ)行(こう) (gyakkō)
逆詐
逆(ぎゃく)算(さん) (gyakusan)
逆進
逆(ぎゃく)襲(しゅう) (gyakushū)
逆(ぎゃく)説(せつ) (gyakusetsu)
逆接
逆賊
逆(ぎゃく)転(てん) (gyakuten)
逆(ぎゃく)風(ふう) (gyakufū)
逆命
逆用
逆理
逆(ぎゃく)流(りゅう) (gyakuryū)
逆(げき)鱗(りん) (gekirin)
順逆
反逆
吃(しゃっ)逆(くり) (shakkuri)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
逆
ぎゃく Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 逆 (MC ŋˠiæk̚).

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) ぎゃく [gyàkú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
IPA^(key): [ɡʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Adjective

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku) -na (adnominal 逆(ぎゃく)な (gyaku na), adverbial 逆(ぎゃく)に (gyaku ni))

reverse; contrary; opposite
位置(いち)が逆(ぎゃく)なことに気(き)づく
ichi ga gyaku na koto ni kizuku
to notice that the positions are switched
すごすぎて逆(ぎゃく)に普通(ふつう)
sugosugite gyaku ni futsū
so extraordinary that it's actually not that interesting
クソすぎて逆(ぎゃく)に見(み)たい
kusosugite gyaku ni mitai
so shitty that on the contrary, I do want to see
逆(ぎゃく)に知(し)りたい
gyaku ni shiritai
honestly, I want to know too
(logic) converse

Inflection

Inflection of 逆

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	逆だろ	ぎゃくだろ	gyaku daro
Continuative (連用形)	逆で	ぎゃくで	gyaku de
Terminal (終止形)	逆だ	ぎゃくだ	gyaku da
Attributive (連体形)	逆な	ぎゃくな	gyaku na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	逆なら	ぎゃくなら	gyaku nara
Imperative (命令形)	逆であれ	ぎゃくであれ	gyaku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	逆ではない逆じゃない	ぎゃくではないぎゃくじゃない	gyaku de wa nai gyaku ja nai
Informal past	逆だった	ぎゃくだった	gyaku datta
Informal negative past	逆ではなかった逆じゃなかった	ぎゃくではなかったぎゃくじゃなかった	gyaku de wa nakatta gyaku ja nakatta
Formal	逆です	ぎゃくです	gyaku desu
Formal negative	逆ではありません逆じゃありません	ぎゃくではありませんぎゃくじゃありません	gyaku de wa arimasen gyaku ja arimasen
Formal past	逆でした	ぎゃくでした	gyaku deshita
Formal negative past	逆ではありませんでした逆じゃありませんでした	ぎゃくではありませんでしたぎゃくじゃありませんでした	gyaku de wa arimasen deshita gyaku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	逆で	ぎゃくで	gyaku de
Conditional	逆なら（ば）	ぎゃくなら（ば）	gyaku nara (ba)
Provisional	逆だったら	ぎゃくだったら	gyaku dattara
Volitional	逆だろう	ぎゃくだろう	gyaku darō
Adverbial	逆に	ぎゃくに	gyaku ni
Degree	逆さ	ぎゃくさ	gyakusa

Noun

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku)

reverse; contrary; opposite
逆(ぎゃく)のアプローチ
gyaku no apurōchi
an opposite approach
(logic) converse

Antonyms

(reverse): 順(じゅん) (jun)
(converse): 裏(うら) (ura)

Affix

逆(ぎゃく) • (gyaku)

reverse; contrary; opposite
逆(ぎゃく)方(ほう)向(こう)
gyakuhōkō
opposite direction

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
逆
さか Grade: 5
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 逆 – see the following entry.

【さか】	[noun] (uncommon) being upside-down, reversed, etc. [prefix] contrary, anti-, contra- Alternative spellings 逆, 倒

(This term, 逆, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

“逆”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

逆 (eumhun 거스를 역 (geoseureul yeok))

Hanja form^? of 역 (“reverse; contrary; opposite”).

Compounds

반역 (反逆/叛逆, banyeok, “revolt, rebellion”)
역전 (逆轉, yeokjeon, “reversal; comeback”)
역풍 (逆風, yeokpung, “adverse wind, headwind”)

Vietnamese

Han character

逆: Hán Nôm readings: nghịch, nghếch, nghệch, nghạch, ngược

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “逆”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

逆

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Adjective

Inflection

See also

Noun

Antonyms

Affix

Etymology 2

References

Korean

Hanja

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character