文書

文書

See also: 文书

Chinese

		language; culture; writing language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle	book; letter
trad. (文書)		文	書
simp. (文书)		文	书

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wénshū

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁴ syu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn-sû
• Min Nan (POJ): bûn-su / bûn-sir / bûn-si

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: wénshū
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄨ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenshu
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯ən³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: man⁴ syu¹
    • Yale: màhn syū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: man⁴ sy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: men⁴ xu¹
    • IPA ^(key): /mɐn²¹ ʃyː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn-sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: vunˇ su´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vun² su¹
    • IPA: /vun¹¹ su²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-su
    • Tâi-lô: bûn-su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bunsw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bun²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-sir
    • Tâi-lô: bûn-sir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bun²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-si
    • Tâi-lô: bûn-si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bunsy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³⁻²² ɕi⁴⁴/

Noun

文書

1. document
2. official correspondence
3. (literary) secretary
4. (literary) written language; writing; script
5. (literary) books; works

Derived terms

文書工作／文书工作 (wénshū gōngzuò)

文秘 (wénmì)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
文	書
ぶん Grade: 1	しょ Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 文書 (*miən *shiu). Compare modern Chinese 文書 (wénshū).

The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Now the most common reading for this term.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) ぶ​んしょ [búꜜǹshò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [bɯ̟̃ᵝɰ̃ɕo̞]

Noun

文書 (hiragana ぶんしょ, rōmaji bunsho)

1. a document, a written record

   文 (ぶん)書 (しょ)でお問 (と)い合 (あ)わせください。

   Bunsho de otoiawase kudasai.

   Please contact us in writing.

   物語 (ものがたり)を丸 (まる)ごと文 (ぶん)書 (しょ)に書 (か)き留 (と)めた。

   Monogatari o marugoto bunsho ni kakitometa.

   She wrote down the whole story. / She got the whole story down on paper.

2. a letter, an epistle

   文 (ぶん)書 (しょ)を頻 (ひん)繁 (ぱん)に交 (か)わしていた。

   Bunsho o hinpan ni kawashite ita.

   They frequently exchanged letters.

Synonyms

• (writing): 文章
• (letter, epistle): 手紙

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
文	書
もん Grade: 1	しょ > じょ Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 文書 (*miən *shiu), with rendaku for the 書 character. The sho changes to jo as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Compare modern Chinese 文書 (wénshū).

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Less common reading in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
  • (Tokyo) も​んじょ [móꜜǹjò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [mõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞]

Noun

文書 (hiragana もんじょ, rōmaji monjo)

1. a document
2. (in palaeography) a written text between two parties

Derived terms

• 古文書 (こもんじょ, ​komonjo): an ancient document

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
文	書
もん Grade: 1	ぞ Grade: 2
Irregular

Archaic alteration of monjo above.

Pronunciation

• Irregular
• IPA^(key): [mõ̞nzo̞]

Noun

文書 (hiragana もんぞ, rōmaji monzo)

1. (archaic) a document
2. (archaic) (in palaeography) a written text between two parties

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
文	書
ふみ Grade: 1	かき > がき Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 文 (fumi, “writing; a letter, an epistle”) +‎ 書 (kaki, “writing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 書く kaku, “to write”).[2] The kaki changes to gaki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯᵝmiŋa̠ki]

Noun

文書 (hiragana ふみがき, rōmaji fumigaki)

1. (archaic) the act of writing of a letter or correspondence
2. (archaic) the writing in a letter or correspondence, especially the style or appearance
   • c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (text here):

     古代なる御文書きなれど

     こだいなるおおむふみがきなれど

     Kodai naru ōmu-fumigaki naredo

     The writing is old-fashioned, but...

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan