ह्रादुनि
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- ह्रादुनी (hradúnī)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬳ᭄ᬭᬵᬤᬸᬦᬶ (Balinese script)
- হ্ৰাদুনি (Assamese script)
- হ্রাদুনি (Bengali script)
- 𑰮𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰟𑰲𑰡𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀳𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀤𑀼𑀦𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌹𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌦𑍁𑌨𑌿 (Grantha script)
- હ્રાદુનિ (Gujarati script)
- ਹੑਰਾਦੁਨਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦲꦿꦴꦢꦸꦤꦶ (Javanese script)
- ហ្រាទុនិ (Khmer script)
- ಹ್ರಾದುನಿ (Kannada script)
- ຫ຺ຣາທຸນິ (Lao script)
- ഹ്രാദുനി (Malayalam script)
- 𑘮𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘟𑘳𑘡𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠾᠷᠠᢗᢑᠤᠨᢈ (Mongolian script)
- ᡥᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᡩᡠᠨᡳ (Manchu script)
- ဟြာဒုနိ (Burmese script)
- 𑧎𑧠𑧈𑧑𑦿𑧔𑧁𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐴𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐡𑐸𑐣𑐶 (Newa script)
- ହ୍ରାଦୁନି (Oriya script)
- ꢲ꣄ꢬꢵꢣꢸꢥꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆲𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆢𑆶𑆤𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖮𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖟𑖲𑖡𑖰 (Siddham script)
- හ්රාදුනි (Sinhalese script)
- హ్రాదుని (Telugu script)
- หฺราทุนิ (Thai script)
- ཧྲཱ་དུ་ནི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒯𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒠𑒳𑒢𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₃d- (“hail”), perhaps ultimately from *ǵʰreh₁d- (“to sound, make a noise”) (whence also ह्रादते (hrādate)). Cognate with Latin grando (“hail”), Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut, “hail”), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “hail”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɦɾɑː.dú.ni/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ɦɾɑːˈd̪u.n̪i/
Noun
ह्रादुनि • (hrādúni) f
- hail, hailstone
- Synonyms: मटची (maṭacī), धाराङ्कुर (dhārāṅkura), जलशर्करा (jalaśarkarā), वर्षोपल (varṣopala)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.132.13:
- नास्मै॑ वि॒द्युन्न त॑न्य॒तुः सि॑षेध॒ न यां मिह॒मकि॑रद्ध्रा॒दुनिं॑ च ।
इन्द्र॑श्च॒ यद्यु॑यु॒धाते॒ अहि॑श्चो॒ताप॒रीभ्यो॑ म॒घवा॒ वि जि॑ग्ये ॥- nāsmai vidyunna tanyatuḥ siṣedha na yāṃ mihamakiraddhrāduniṃ ca .
indraśca yadyuyudhāte ahiścotāparībhyo maghavā vi jigye . - Nothing availed him lightning, nothing thunder, hail or mist which had spread around him:
When Indra and Vṛtra strove in battle, Maghavan gained the victory for ever.
- nāsmai vidyunna tanyatuḥ siṣedha na yāṃ mihamakiraddhrāduniṃ ca .
- नास्मै॑ वि॒द्युन्न त॑न्य॒तुः सि॑षेध॒ न यां मिह॒मकि॑रद्ध्रा॒दुनिं॑ च ।
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 25.9:
- विधृ॑तिं॒ नाभ्या॑ धृ॒तँ रसे॑ना॒पो यू॒ष्णा मरी॑चीर्वि॒प्रुड्भि॑र्नीहा॒रमू॒ष्मणा॑ शी॒नं वस॑या॒ प्रुष्वा॒ अश्रु॑भिर्ह्रा॒दुनी॑र्दू॒षीका॑भिर॒स्ना रक्षाँ॑सि चि॒त्राण्यङ्गै॒र्नक्षत्राणि रू॒पेण॑ पृथि॒वीं त्व॒चा जु॑म्ब॒काय॒ स्वाहा॑ ॥
- vidhṛtiṃ nābhyā dhṛtam̐ rasenāpo yūṣṇā marīcīrvipruḍbhirnīhāramūṣmaṇā śīnaṃ vasayā pruṣvā aśrubhirhrādunīrdūṣīkābhirasnā rakṣām̐si citrāṇyaṅgairnakṣatrāṇi rūpeṇa pṛthivīṃ tvacā jumbakāya svāhā .
- I gratify Separation with his navel;
Butter with his flavour;
the Waters with his broth;
Sunbeams with his drops of fat;
Hoarfrost with his heat;
Ice with his marrow;
Hailstones with his tears;
Thunderbolts with the rheum of his eyes;
Rākṣasas with his blood;
Bright things with his limbs;
Stars with his beauty;
Earth with his skin.
All-hail to Jumbaka!
- विधृ॑तिं॒ नाभ्या॑ धृ॒तँ रसे॑ना॒पो यू॒ष्णा मरी॑चीर्वि॒प्रुड्भि॑र्नीहा॒रमू॒ष्मणा॑ शी॒नं वस॑या॒ प्रुष्वा॒ अश्रु॑भिर्ह्रा॒दुनी॑र्दू॒षीका॑भिर॒स्ना रक्षाँ॑सि चि॒त्राण्यङ्गै॒र्नक्षत्राणि रू॒पेण॑ पृथि॒वीं त्व॒चा जु॑म्ब॒काय॒ स्वाहा॑ ॥
Declension
| Feminine i-stem declension of ह्रादुनि (hrādúni) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | ह्रादुनिः hrādúniḥ | ह्रादुनी hrādúnī | ह्रादुनयः hrādúnayaḥ |
| Vocative | ह्रादुने hrā́dune | ह्रादुनी hrā́dunī | ह्रादुनयः hrā́dunayaḥ |
| Accusative | ह्रादुनिम् hrādúnim | ह्रादुनी hrādúnī | ह्रादुनीः hrādúnīḥ |
| Instrumental | ह्रादुन्या hrādúnyā | ह्रादुनिभ्याम् hrādúnibhyām | ह्रादुनिभिः hrādúnibhiḥ |
| Dative | ह्रादुनये / ह्रादुन्ये¹ / ह्रादुन्यै² hrādúnaye / hrādúnye¹ / hrādúnyai² | ह्रादुनिभ्याम् hrādúnibhyām | ह्रादुनिभ्यः hrādúnibhyaḥ |
| Ablative | ह्रादुनेः / ह्रादुन्याः² hrādúneḥ / hrādúnyāḥ² | ह्रादुनिभ्याम् hrādúnibhyām | ह्रादुनिभ्यः hrādúnibhyaḥ |
| Genitive | ह्रादुनेः / ह्रादुन्याः² hrādúneḥ / hrādúnyāḥ² | ह्रादुन्योः hrādúnyoḥ | ह्रादुनीनाम् hrādúnīnām |
| Locative | ह्रादुनौ / ह्रादुन्याम्² hrādúnau / hrādúnyām² | ह्रादुन्योः hrādúnyoḥ | ह्रादुनिषु hrādúniṣu |
| Notes |
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References
- Monier Williams (1899), “ह्रादुनि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1307.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2023), “hrāduni”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “ह्रादुनि”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1768
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “ह्रादुनि”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 381
- Arthur Berriedale Keith; Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1912), “hrāduni”, in Vedic index of names and subjects, volume 2, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, W. [Published for the Government of India], OCLC 1158200363, page 509