राज्
See also: राज, राज़, रोज़, रंज, राजि, रोज़ा, राजा, and रोज
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬭᬵᬚ᭄ (Balinese script)
- ৰাজ্ (Assamese script)
- রাজ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰯𑰕𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀸𑀚𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌰𑌾𑌜𑍍 (Grantha script)
- રાજ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਰਾਜੑ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦫꦴꦗ꧀ (Javanese script)
- រាជ៑ (Khmer script)
- ರಾಜ್ (Kannada script)
- ຣາຊ຺ (Lao script)
- രാജ് (Malayalam script)
- 𑘨𑘰𑘕𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠠᢗᠽ (Mongolian script)
- ᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᡯ (Manchu script)
- ရာဇ် (Burmese script)
- 𑧈𑧑𑦵𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐵𑐖𑑂 (Newa script)
- ରାଜ୍ (Oriya script)
- ꢬꢵꢙ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆳𑆘𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖯𑖕𑖿 (Siddham script)
- රාජ් (Sinhalese script)
- రాజ్ (Telugu script)
- ราชฺ (Thai script)
- རཱ་ཛ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒰𑒖𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɾɑ́ːd͡ʑ/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ɾɑːd͡ʑ/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ṭṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ćš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗḱs (“king”). Cognate with Latin rēx (“king”), Welsh rhi (“king”).
The word is considered a ghost word by Scharfe, interpreting its meaning in compounds in which it is found such as "deva-rāj" to be "ruling", as in, "ruling (over the gods)". The sense of "king" or "ruler" was then later added to the noun and its derivatives.[1][2]
Noun
राज् • (rā́j) m
- (Rigvedic) a king, sovereign, chief
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.12.1:
- मध्ये होता दुरोणे बर्हिषो राळ्अग्निस्तोदस्य रोदसी यजध्यै
- madhye hotā duroṇe barhiṣo rāḷagnistodasya rodasī yajadhyai
- May Agni the king of trimmed grass, Herald within the dwelling, worship the Impeller's World-halves.
- मध्ये होता दुरोणे बर्हिषो राळ्अग्निस्तोदस्य रोदसी यजध्यै
Declension
Declension of राज्
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | राट् (rā́ṭ) | राजः (rā́jaḥ) | |
| Vocative | राट् (rā́ṭ) | - | |
| Accusative | राजम् (rā́jam) | - | |
| Instrumental | राजा (rājā) | rā́ḍbhiḥ | - |
| Dative | राजे (rā́je) | - | |
| Genitive | राजः (rā́jaḥ) | राजाम् (rā́jām) | |
| Locative | राजि (rāji) | rā́ṭsu | - |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.
Root
राज् • (rāj)
- to rule, to reign
- to direct, to govern
- to be a king; to be kingly or regal
- राज (rāja, “king, sovereign; (ifc.) best of its kind”)
- राजघातक (rājaghātaka, “regicide”)
- राजति (rā́jati, “to rule, reign”)
- राजते (rā́jate, “to rule, reign”)
- राजन (rājana, “belonging to a royal family”)
- राजन् (rāján, “government, guidance”)
- राजन् (rā́jan, “king, sovereign, monarch”)
- राजपति (rā́japati, “lord of kings, emperor”)
- राजसे (rājáse, “(infinitive) to rule, to reign”)
- राज् (rā́j, “king, sovereign, monarch”)
- राज्ञी (rā́jñī, “queen”)
- राज्य (rājyá, rā́jya, “royalty, kingship, sovereignty; kingdom, empire, realm”)
- राज्य (rājyá, “royal, kingly, princely, regal”)
- राट् (rā́ṭ, “king, sovereign, monarch (nominative of rā́j)”)
- राष्टि (rā́ṣṭi, “to direct; to rule”)
- राष्ट्र (rāṣṭrá, “kingdom, realm, empire; nation, populace, subjects”)
- राष्ट्रपति (rāṣṭrápati, “sovereign, head of state”)
- राष्ट्रि (rāṣṭri, “queen, female sovereign or proprietress”)
- राष्ट्रिय (rāṣṭríya, “heir apparent, pretender”)
- राष्ट्री (rā́ṣṭrī, “queen, female sovereign or proprietress”)
References
- 1993, Winfred P. Lehmann, Theoretical bases of Indo-European linguistics, page 68:
- It removes one argument for closer relationship between Italic, Celtic and Indic; and it demolishes any support for a larger social organization in the early period that was ruled by a "king".
- Kim McCone (1998), “'King' and 'Queen' in Celtic and Indo-European”, in JSTOR
- Monier Williams (1899), “राज्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 872/3.