شيطان
See also: شیطان
Arabic
Etymology
Often interpreted as coming from the root ش ي ط (š-y-ṭ) meaning “to burn, scorch” and the ـَان (-ān) suffix forming adjectives. Given the historical precedence of Hebrew texts wherein the word is of relevance, it is likely that the Arabic word is a reinterpretation of Hebrew שָׂטָן (śāṭān), from a root relating to opposition or accusation.
Cognate with Classical Syriac ܣܛܢܐ (sāṭānā), Hebrew שָׂטָן (śāṭān), Ge'ez ሠይጣን (śäyṭan), ሰይጣን (säyṭan).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃaj.tˤaːn/
Noun
شَيْطَان • (šayṭān) m (plural شَيَاطِين (šayāṭīn))
- (defined) Satan, shaitan, the Devil
- Synonym: إِبْلِيس (ʾiblīs)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:208:
- يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ
- O you who have believed, enter into Islam completely [and perfectly] and do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy.
- (religion) devil, evil jinn
- demon, fiend
Declension
Declension of noun شَيْطَان (šayṭān)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | شَيْطَان šayṭān | الشَّيْطَان aš-šayṭān | شَيْطَان šayṭān |
| Nominative | شَيْطَانٌ šayṭānun | الشَّيْطَانُ aš-šayṭānu | شَيْطَانُ šayṭānu |
| Accusative | شَيْطَانًا šayṭānan | الشَّيْطَانَ aš-šayṭāna | شَيْطَانَ šayṭāna |
| Genitive | شَيْطَانٍ šayṭānin | الشَّيْطَانِ aš-šayṭāni | شَيْطَانِ šayṭāni |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | شَيْطَانَيْن šayṭānayn | الشَّيْطَانَيْن aš-šayṭānayn | شَيْطَانَيْ šayṭānay |
| Nominative | شَيْطَانَانِ šayṭānāni | الشَّيْطَانَانِ aš-šayṭānāni | شَيْطَانَا šayṭānā |
| Accusative | شَيْطَانَيْنِ šayṭānayni | الشَّيْطَانَيْنِ aš-šayṭānayni | شَيْطَانَيْ šayṭānay |
| Genitive | شَيْطَانَيْنِ šayṭānayni | الشَّيْطَانَيْنِ aš-šayṭānayni | شَيْطَانَيْ šayṭānay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | شَيَاطِين šayāṭīn | الشَّيَاطِين aš-šayāṭīn | شَيَاطِين šayāṭīn |
| Nominative | شَيَاطِينُ šayāṭīnu | الشَّيَاطِينُ aš-šayāṭīnu | شَيَاطِينُ šayāṭīnu |
| Accusative | شَيَاطِينَ šayāṭīna | الشَّيَاطِينَ aš-šayāṭīna | شَيَاطِينَ šayāṭīna |
| Genitive | شَيَاطِينَ šayāṭīna | الشَّيَاطِينِ aš-šayāṭīni | شَيَاطِينِ šayāṭīni |
Related terms
- جِنّ (jinn, “jinn”)
- جَانّ (jānn, “jann”)
- نَسْنَاس (nasnās, “nasnas”)
- غُول (ḡūl, “ghoul”)
Descendants
- Maltese: xitan
- → Assamese: চৈতান (soitan)
- → Azerbaijani: şeytan
- → Bashkir: шайтан (şaytan)
- → Belarusian: шайта́н (šajtán)
- → Bengali: শয়তান (śôẏtan)
- → Bura: shatan
- → English: shaitan
- → Finnish: shaitan
- → Hausa: shaiɗan
- → Hindustani:
- → Hindi: शैतान (śaitān)
- → Urdu: شیطان (śaitān)
- → Indonesian: setan, syaitan
- → Japanese: シャイターン (shaitān)
- → Kannada: ಸೈತಾನ (saitāna)
- → Kazakh: сайтан (saitan), шайтан (şaitan)
- → Northern Kurdish: şeytan
- → Malay: syaitan, setan
- → Maranao: saitan, Saitan
- → Marathi: सैतान (saitān)
- → Oromo: sheetanna, seetanna
- → Pashto: شيطان (šaytãn)
- → Persian: شیطان (šaytân)
- Tajik: шайтон (šayton)
- → Portuguese: shaitan
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ (śaitān)
- Shahmukhi: شیطان (śet̤ān)
- → Ottoman Turkish: شیطان (şeytan)
- Turkish: şeytan
- → Albanian: shejtan
- → Romanian: șeitan
- → Bulgarian: шейта́н (šejtán)
- → Macedonian: шејтан (šejtan)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ше́јта̄н
- Latin: šéjtān
- → Crimean Tatar: şeytan
- → Rohingya: cóitan
- → Russian: шайта́н (šajtán)
- → Somali: shayddaan
- → Swahili: shetani
- → English: shetani
- → Sylheti: ꠡꠄꠔꠣꠘ (śoetan)
- → Tatar: шайтан (şaytan)
- → Tausug: saytan
- → Thai: ชัยฏอน (chai-dtɔɔn)
- → Turkmen: şeýtan
- → Ukrainian: шайта́н (šajtán)
- → Uyghur: شەيتان (sheytan)
- → Uzbek: shayton
- → Wolof: seytaane
- → Yakan: seyitan
References
- Haywood, J.A.; Nahmad, H.M. (1965), “شيطان”, in A new Arabic grammar, 2nd edition, London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 522–523
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 47
- Praetorius, Franz (1907), “Äthiopische Etymologien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 61, pages 619–620
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “شيطن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN