رمضان
Arabic
Etymology
The month was a summer month in pre-Islamic times before the Quranic prohibition against leap months (Quran 9:37). Hence without doubt from the root ر م ض (r m ḍ, “scorching heat”), and related to رَمَض (ramaḍ, “parchedness, scorchedness”) and رَمْضَاء (ramḍāʾ, “sun-baked ground”). Compare also اِرْتَمَضَ (irtamaḍa, “to be consumed by grief and sorrow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ra.ma.dˤaːn/
- (Moroccan) IPA(key): /ram.dˤaːn/, /rum.dˤaːn/
- Rhymes: -aːn
Proper noun
رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m
- Ramadan
- a male given name
Declension
Declension of proper noun رَمَضَان (ramaḍān)
| Singular | basic singular diptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | — | رَمَضَان ramaḍān | — |
| Nominative | — | رَمَضَانُ ramaḍānu | — |
| Accusative | — | رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna | — |
| Genitive | — | رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna | — |
Noun
رَمَضَان • (ramaḍān) m (plural رَمَضَانَات (ramaḍānāt) or أَرْمِضَة (ʾarmiḍa) or أَرْمِضَاء (ʾarmiḍāʾ) or رَمَاضِين (ramāḍīn))
- Ramadan
Declension
Declension of noun رَمَضَان (ramaḍān)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | رَمَضَان ramaḍān | الرَّمَضَان ar-ramaḍān | رَمَضَان ramaḍān |
| Nominative | رَمَضَانٌ ramaḍānun | الرَّمَضَانُ ar-ramaḍānu | رَمَضَانُ ramaḍānu |
| Accusative | رَمَضَانًا ramaḍānan | الرَّمَضَانَ ar-ramaḍāna | رَمَضَانَ ramaḍāna |
| Genitive | رَمَضَانٍ ramaḍānin | الرَّمَضَانِ ar-ramaḍāni | رَمَضَانِ ramaḍāni |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | رَمَضَانَيْن ramaḍānayn | الرَّمَضَانَيْن ar-ramaḍānayn | رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay |
| Nominative | رَمَضَانَانِ ramaḍānāni | الرَّمَضَانَانِ ar-ramaḍānāni | رَمَضَانَا ramaḍānā |
| Accusative | رَمَضَانَيْنِ ramaḍānayni | الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ ar-ramaḍānayni | رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay |
| Genitive | رَمَضَانَيْنِ ramaḍānayni | الرَّمَضَانَيْنِ ar-ramaḍānayni | رَمَضَانَيْ ramaḍānay |
| Plural | sound feminine plural; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | رَمَضَانَات; أَرْمِضَة; أَرْمِضَاء; رَمَاضِين ramaḍānāt; ʾarmiḍa; ʾarmiḍāʾ; ramāḍīn | الرَّمَضَانَات; الْأَرْمِضَة; الْأَرْمِضَاء; الرَّمَاضِين ar-ramaḍānāt; al-ʾarmiḍa; al-ʾarmiḍāʾ; ar-ramāḍīn | رَمَضَانَات; أَرْمِضَة; أَرْمِضَاء; رَمَاضِين ramaḍānāt; ʾarmiḍat; ʾarmiḍāʾ; ramāḍīn |
| Nominative | رَمَضَانَاتٌ; أَرْمِضَةٌ; أَرْمِضَاءُ; رَمَاضِينُ ramaḍānātun; ʾarmiḍatun; ʾarmiḍāʾu; ramāḍīnu | الرَّمَضَانَاتُ; الْأَرْمِضَةُ; الْأَرْمِضَاءُ; الرَّمَاضِينُ ar-ramaḍānātu; al-ʾarmiḍatu; al-ʾarmiḍāʾu; ar-ramāḍīnu | رَمَضَانَاتُ; أَرْمِضَةُ; أَرْمِضَاءُ; رَمَاضِينُ ramaḍānātu; ʾarmiḍatu; ʾarmiḍāʾu; ramāḍīnu |
| Accusative | رَمَضَانَاتٍ; أَرْمِضَةً; أَرْمِضَاءَ; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānātin; ʾarmiḍatan; ʾarmiḍāʾa; ramāḍīna | الرَّمَضَانَاتِ; الْأَرْمِضَةَ; الْأَرْمِضَاءَ; الرَّمَاضِينَ ar-ramaḍānāti; al-ʾarmiḍata; al-ʾarmiḍāʾa; ar-ramāḍīna | رَمَضَانَاتِ; أَرْمِضَةَ; أَرْمِضَاءَ; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānāti; ʾarmiḍata; ʾarmiḍāʾa; ramāḍīna |
| Genitive | رَمَضَانَاتٍ; أَرْمِضَةٍ; أَرْمِضَاءَ; رَمَاضِينَ ramaḍānātin; ʾarmiḍatin; ʾarmiḍāʾa; ramāḍīna | الرَّمَضَانَاتِ; الْأَرْمِضَةِ; الْأَرْمِضَاءِ; الرَّمَاضِينِ ar-ramaḍānāti; al-ʾarmiḍati; al-ʾarmiḍāʾi; ar-ramāḍīni | رَمَضَانَاتِ; أَرْمِضَةِ; أَرْمِضَاءِ; رَمَاضِينِ ramaḍānāti; ʾarmiḍati; ʾarmiḍāʾi; ramāḍīni |
Coordinate terms
| Muharram | Safar | Rabi I | Rabi II |
| اَلْمُحَرَّم (al-muḥarram) مُحَرَّم (muḥarram) | صَفَر (ṣafar) | رَبِيع الْأَوَّل (rabīʿ al-ʾawwal) | رَبِيع الْآخِر (rabīʿ al-ʾāḵir) رَبِيع الثَّانِي (rabīʿ aṯ-ṯānī) |
| Jumada I | Jumada II | Rajab | Sha'ban |
| جُمَادَى الْأُولَى (jumādā l-ʾūlā) | جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة (jumādā l-ʾāḵira) جُمَادَى الثَّانِي (jumādā ṯ-ṯānī) | رَجَب (rajab) | شَعْبَان (šaʿbān) |
| Ramadan | Shawwal | Dhu'l-Qa'da | Dhu'l-Hijja |
| رَمَضَان (ramaḍān) | شَوَّال (šawwāl) | ذُو الْقَعْدَة (ḏū l-qaʿda) | ذُو الْحِجَّة (ḏū l-ḥijja) |
- أَيْلُول (ʾaylūl)
- سِبْتِمْبِر (sibtimbir), سِبْتَمْبِر (sibtambir), سَبْتَمْبَر (sabtambar)
- تَقْوِيم هِجْرِيّ (taqwīm hijriyy)
Derived terms
- رَمَضَانِيّ (ramaḍāniyy)
Descendants
- Maltese: Randan (“Lent”)
- → Catalan: ramadà
- → English: Ramadan
- → French: ramadan
- → Maltese: Ramadan (“Ramadan”)
- → Tamil: ரமலான் (ramalāṉ, “Ramadan”)
Malay
Etymology
From Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ramadan/
Proper noun
رمضان (Rumi spelling Ramadan)
- The ninth month in the Hijri calendar; fasting month.
- Synonyms: بولن ڤواسا (bulan puasa), راملن (ramalan)
Coordinate terms
- (Islamic calendar months) Islamic calendar month; Muharam, Safar, Rabiulawal, Rabiulakhir, Jamadilawal, Jamadilakhir, Rejab, Syaaban, Ramadan, Syawal, Zulkaedah, Zulhijah (Category: ms:Islamic months)
Derived terms
- رمضان المبارک
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
From Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Noun
رمضان • (ramazân)
- (Islam) Ramadan
Descendants
- Turkish: Ramazan
- → Bulgarian: рамаза́н (ramazán)
- → Macedonian: рамазан (ramazan)
- → Serbo-Croatian: ramàzān
Persian
Alternative forms
- رمضون (ramezun, ramzun) (colloquial)
Etymology
From Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ɾamaˈzɑːn/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /ɾamaˈzɑːn/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /ɾæmæˈzɒːn/
- (Tajik) IPA(key): /ɾamaˈzɔn/
Noun
رمضان • (ramazân, ramzân)
- (Islam) Ramadan
Coordinate terms
- (Islamic calendar months) تقویم هجری قمری; محرم, صفر, ربیع‌الاول, ربیع‌الثانی, جمادی‌الاول, جمادی‌الثانی, رجب, شعبان, رمضان, شوال, ذی‌القعده, ذی‌الحجه (Category: fa:Islamic months)
Proper noun
رمضان • (ramzân)
- a male given name, Ramazan
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian رمضان (ramazân), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān). First attested as Old Punjabi ਰਮਦਾਨਾ (ramadānā).
Noun
رَمضان • (ramẓān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਰਮਜ਼ਾਨ)
- (Islam) Ramadan
- Synonym: رمدان (ramdān)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian رمضان (ramazân), from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān). First attested as Old Hindi रमदांनां (ramadā̃nā̃), possibly a learned borrowing from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɾəm.zɑːn/
- Rhymes: -ɑːn
Noun
رَمْضان • (ramzān) m (Hindi spelling रमज़ान)
- (Islam) Ramadan
Proper noun
رَمْضان • (ramzān) m (Hindi spelling रमज़ान)
- a male given name, Ramzan or Ramazan, from Arabic
See also
| Muharram | Safar | Rabi I | Rabi II |
| محرم (muharram) | صفر (safar) | ربیع الاول (rabi ul-avval) | ربیع الثانی (rabi us-sānī) |
| Jumada I | Jumada II | Rajab | Sha'ban |
| جمادی الاول (jamādī ul-avval) | جمادی الثانی (jamādī us-sānī) | رجب (rajab) | شعبان (shabān) |
| Ramadan | Shawwal | Dhu'l-Qa'da | Dhu'l-Hijja |
| رمضان (ramzān) | شوال (shavāl) | ذی القعد (zil qad) | ذی الحج (zil haj) |
Further reading
- “رمضان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “رمضان”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “رمضان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884), “رمضان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.