خطمي
See also: خطمی
Arabic
Alternative forms
- خِتْمِيّ (ḵitmiyy), خَتْمِيّ (ḵatmiyy)
Etymology
Preparations from the marshmallow have been used for preparations to wash the head, so it appears to be relative noun (nisba) composed of خَطْم (ḵaṭm, “the nose and the mouth, snout”) + ـِيّ (-iyy), though such a use of nisba is not common and it does not explain the variation with ت (t) instead of ط (ṭ); maybe originally from Aramaic חלמיתא / ܚܠܡܝܬܐ (ḥlamītā) / ܚܠܡܬܐ (ḥlamtā, “alkanet, Anchusa officinalis”) with which there have been mutual mistranslations. Clearly now Hebrew חֶלְמִית (ḥelmī́ṯ) is used for mallows, the Malva genus and species.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xitˤ.mijj/, /xatˤ.mijj/
Noun
خِطْمِيّ or خَطْمِيّ • (ḵiṭmiyy or ḵaṭmiyy) m (collective, singulative خِطْمِيَّة f (ḵiṭmiyya) or خَطْمِيَّة f (ḵaṭmiyya))
- marshmallow, Althaea gen. et spp.
- the confectionery marshmallow
- rosemallow, Hibiscus gen. et spp.
- Synonym: كَرْكَدِيه (karkadīh)
- hollyhock, Alcea gen. et spp.
- Synonym: سِرَاج القُطْرُب (sirāj al-quṭrub)
Declension
Declension of noun خِطْمِيّ (ḵiṭmiyy); خَطْمِيّ (ḵaṭmiyy)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خِطْمِي; خَطْمِي ḵiṭmī; ḵaṭmī | الْخِطْمِي; الْخَطْمِي al-ḵiṭmī; al-ḵaṭmī | خِطْمِي; خَطْمِي ḵiṭmī; ḵaṭmī |
| Nominative | خِطْمِيٌّ; خَطْمِيٌّ ḵiṭmiyyun; ḵaṭmiyyun | الْخِطْمِيُّ; الْخَطْمِيُّ al-ḵiṭmiyyu; al-ḵaṭmiyyu | خِطْمِيُّ; خَطْمِيُّ ḵiṭmiyyu; ḵaṭmiyyu |
| Accusative | خِطْمِيًّا; خَطْمِيًّا ḵiṭmiyyan; ḵaṭmiyyan | الْخِطْمِيَّ; الْخَطْمِيَّ al-ḵiṭmiyya; al-ḵaṭmiyya | خِطْمِيَّ; خَطْمِيَّ ḵiṭmiyya; ḵaṭmiyya |
| Genitive | خِطْمِيٍّ; خَطْمِيٍّ ḵiṭmiyyin; ḵaṭmiyyin | الْخِطْمِيِّ; الْخَطْمِيِّ al-ḵiṭmiyyi; al-ḵaṭmiyyi | خِطْمِيِّ; خَطْمِيِّ ḵiṭmiyyi; ḵaṭmiyyi |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خِطْمِيَّة; خَطْمِيَّة ḵiṭmiyya; ḵaṭmiyya | الْخِطْمِيَّة; الْخَطْمِيَّة al-ḵiṭmiyya; al-ḵaṭmiyya | خِطْمِيَّة; خَطْمِيَّة ḵiṭmiyyat; ḵaṭmiyyat |
| Nominative | خِطْمِيَّةٌ; خَطْمِيَّةٌ ḵiṭmiyyatun; ḵaṭmiyyatun | الْخِطْمِيَّةُ; الْخَطْمِيَّةُ al-ḵiṭmiyyatu; al-ḵaṭmiyyatu | خِطْمِيَّةُ; خَطْمِيَّةُ ḵiṭmiyyatu; ḵaṭmiyyatu |
| Accusative | خِطْمِيَّةً; خَطْمِيَّةً ḵiṭmiyyatan; ḵaṭmiyyatan | الْخِطْمِيَّةَ; الْخَطْمِيَّةَ al-ḵiṭmiyyata; al-ḵaṭmiyyata | خِطْمِيَّةَ; خَطْمِيَّةَ ḵiṭmiyyata; ḵaṭmiyyata |
| Genitive | خِطْمِيَّةٍ; خَطْمِيَّةٍ ḵiṭmiyyatin; ḵaṭmiyyatin | الْخِطْمِيَّةِ; الْخَطْمِيَّةِ al-ḵiṭmiyyati; al-ḵaṭmiyyati | خِطْمِيَّةِ; خَطْمِيَّةِ ḵiṭmiyyati; ḵaṭmiyyati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | خِطْمِيَّتَيْن; خَطْمِيَّتَيْن ḵiṭmiyyatayn; ḵaṭmiyyatayn | الْخِطْمِيَّتَيْن; الْخَطْمِيَّتَيْن al-ḵiṭmiyyatayn; al-ḵaṭmiyyatayn | خِطْمِيَّتَيْ; خَطْمِيَّتَيْ ḵiṭmiyyatay; ḵaṭmiyyatay |
| Nominative | خِطْمِيَّتَانِ; خَطْمِيَّتَانِ ḵiṭmiyyatāni; ḵaṭmiyyatāni | الْخِطْمِيَّتَانِ; الْخَطْمِيَّتَانِ al-ḵiṭmiyyatāni; al-ḵaṭmiyyatāni | خِطْمِيَّتَا; خَطْمِيَّتَا ḵiṭmiyyatā; ḵaṭmiyyatā |
| Accusative | خِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ; خَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ ḵiṭmiyyatayni; ḵaṭmiyyatayni | الْخِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ; الْخَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ al-ḵiṭmiyyatayni; al-ḵaṭmiyyatayni | خِطْمِيَّتَيْ; خَطْمِيَّتَيْ ḵiṭmiyyatay; ḵaṭmiyyatay |
| Genitive | خِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ; خَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ ḵiṭmiyyatayni; ḵaṭmiyyatayni | الْخِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ; الْخَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ al-ḵiṭmiyyatayni; al-ḵaṭmiyyatayni | خِطْمِيَّتَيْ; خَطْمِيَّتَيْ ḵiṭmiyyatay; ḵaṭmiyyatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | خِطْمِيَّات; خَطْمِيَّات ḵiṭmiyyāt; ḵaṭmiyyāt | الْخِطْمِيَّات; الْخَطْمِيَّات al-ḵiṭmiyyāt; al-ḵaṭmiyyāt | خِطْمِيَّات; خَطْمِيَّات ḵiṭmiyyāt; ḵaṭmiyyāt |
| Nominative | خِطْمِيَّاتٌ; خَطْمِيَّاتٌ ḵiṭmiyyātun; ḵaṭmiyyātun | الْخِطْمِيَّاتُ; الْخَطْمِيَّاتُ al-ḵiṭmiyyātu; al-ḵaṭmiyyātu | خِطْمِيَّاتُ; خَطْمِيَّاتُ ḵiṭmiyyātu; ḵaṭmiyyātu |
| Accusative | خِطْمِيَّاتٍ; خَطْمِيَّاتٍ ḵiṭmiyyātin; ḵaṭmiyyātin | الْخِطْمِيَّاتِ; الْخَطْمِيَّاتِ al-ḵiṭmiyyāti; al-ḵaṭmiyyāti | خِطْمِيَّاتِ; خَطْمِيَّاتِ ḵiṭmiyyāti; ḵaṭmiyyāti |
| Genitive | خِطْمِيَّاتٍ; خَطْمِيَّاتٍ ḵiṭmiyyātin; ḵaṭmiyyātin | الْخِطْمِيَّاتِ; الْخَطْمِيَّاتِ al-ḵiṭmiyyāti; al-ḵaṭmiyyāti | خِطْمِيَّاتِ; خَطْمِيَّاتِ ḵiṭmiyyāti; ḵaṭmiyyāti |
Descendants
- → Middle Armenian: խաթմի (xatʿmi)
- → Persian: خطمی, ختمی
- → Ottoman Turkish: خطمی (hatmi, hatmı)
- Turkish: hatmi
- → Middle Armenian: հաթմի (hatʿmi)
References
- Freytag, Georg (1830), “خطمي”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 503
- Kahl, Oliver (2011-06-27), “The Pharmacological Tables of Rhazes”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, issue 2, DOI:, page 379 footnote 84, declares it a genuine Arabic word
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “خطمي”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 768
- Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 292–295
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 230–233
- “ḥlmh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ḥlmwn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “خطمي”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 288
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “خطمي”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 347