wrm

wrm

Egyptian

Etymology

Cognate Proto-Semitic *rayam-, Proto-Semitic *rawam-. Cognate Arabic وَرِمَ‎ (warima).

Pronunciation

For the noun ‘flood’:

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /wVˈɾam/ → /wVˈɾam/ → /wəˈɾam/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /wVˈɾam/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /wVˈɾam/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /wəˈɾam/

For the noun ‘towering figure’:

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /wVˈɾaːm/ → /wVˈɾaːm/ → /wəˈɾoːm/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /wVˈɾaːm/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /wVˈɾaːm/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /wəˈɾoːm/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛrɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: werem

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to grow, to rise, to be high
2. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (transitive) to grasp
3. to wind, to wriggle (of toes)?

Inflection

Conjugation of wrm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wrm, geminated stem: wrmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
wrm	wrmw, wrm	wrmt	wrm	wrm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
wrm	ḥr wrm	m wrm	r wrm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wrm.n	wrmw, wrm	consecutive	wrm.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	wrmt
perfective3	wrm	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	wrm.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	wrm	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	wrm	wrmm	potentialis1	wrm.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	wrm	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wrm.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	wrm	active + .tj1, .tw2	wrm	wrm, wrmw5, wrmy5
imperfective	wrm, wrmy, wrmw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	wrm, wrmj6, wrmy6	wrm, wrmw5
prospective	wrm, wrmtj7	—	wrmtj4, wrmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• wrmt
• wrmw
• wrmyt

Noun

 m

1. flood, high point of inundation

Inflection

Declension of wrm (masculine)

singular	wrm
dual	wrmwj
plural	wrmw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wrm  

wrm

Descendants

• Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲙ (ouram)

Noun

 m

1. towering figure

Inflection

Declension of wrm (masculine)

singular	wrm
dual	wrmwj
plural	wrmw

Descendants

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙ (ourōm)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲣⲱⲙ (mrōm), ⲉⲙⲣⲱⲙ (emrōm)

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 332
• Takács Gábor: A new idea on the origin of πῡραμίς 2019
• Shmakov Timofey: Critical analysis of J.P. Allen's The ancient egyptian pyramid texts 2012