ros

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ros"

Catalan

Pronunciation

(Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈros/

Etymology 1

From Old Catalan ros, from Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Occitan ros, French roux, Spanish rojo.

Adjective

ros (feminine rossa, masculine plural rossos, feminine plural rosses)

blond

Derived terms

enrossir

Etymology 2

From Latin rōs, used as a neuter. Compare the form rou.

Noun

ros m (plural rosos)

(dialectal, Valencia, archaic) dew

Synonyms

rosada, rou

Related terms

rosar

Etymology 3

Named after general Ros Olano.

Noun

ros m (plural rosos)

A piqued cap.(clarification of this definition is needed)

References

“ros” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
“ros”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
“ros” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
“ros” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɹoːz/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.

Noun

ros f (plural rosow)

A wheel.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *rros, from Proto-Celtic *ɸrossos.

Noun

ros f (plural rosyow)

A heathland.

Noun

ros f (singulative rosen)

roses

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Occitan ros, French roux, Friulian ros.

Adjective

ros

red

Danish

Verb

ros

imperative of rose

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /rɔs/
Hyphenation: ros
Rhymes: -ɔs

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ros, from Old Dutch ros, hors, from Proto-West Germanic *hross, from Proto-Germanic *hrussą (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of kar.

Alternative forms

hors (dialectal)

Noun

ros n (plural rossen, diminutive rosje n)

A horse.
Synonym: paard
A steed.

Derived terms

roskam
stalen ros
strijdros

Descendants

Afrikaans: ros

Adjective

ros (comparative rosser, superlative meest ros or rost)

of an impure red colour
de rosse buurt
the red-light district
ginger, red-haired.

Inflection

Inflection of ros
uninflected	ros
inflected	rosse
comparative	rosser
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		ros	rosser	het rost het roste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	rosse	rossere	roste
	n. sing.	ros	rosser	roste
	plural	rosse	rossere	roste
definite		rosse	rossere	roste
partitive		ros	rossers	—

Derived terms

rosse (noun)
rossig
rosse buurt

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin russus.

Adjective

ros

red

Derived terms

inrossâ
rossit

Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾˠɔsˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ros (“linseed”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rois)

A linseed, flaxseed.
Synonym: ros lín

Declension

Declension of ros

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case	Singular
Nominative	ros
Vocative	a rois
Genitive	rois
Dative	ros

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular
Nominative	an ros
Genitive	an rois
Dative	leis an ros don ros

Derived terms

ros cnáibe
ros copóige
ros gafainne
ros lachan
ros moinge mire
ros neanta
ros uisce

Etymology 2

From Old Irish ros (“wood, promontory”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸrossos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rosa, nominative plural rosa)

A wood, wooded headland.
Synonym: coill
(geography) A headland, promontory.
Synonyms: rinn, scoth, léim

Declension

Declension of ros

Third declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ros	rosa
Vocative	a ros	a rosa
Genitive	rosa	ros
Dative	ros	rosa

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an ros	na rosa
Genitive	an rosa	na ros
Dative	leis an ros don ros	leis na rosa

Derived terms

Ros Comáin
na Rosa
rosach
rosán

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
ros	not applicable	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁roseh₂. Cognate with Sanskrit रसा (rásā, “moisture, humidity”), Ancient Greek ἐξεράω (exeráō, “pour out”), Lithuanian rasà (“dew”).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /roːs/, [roːs̠]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ros/, [rɔs]

Noun

rōs m (genitive rōris); third declension

dew
moisture
rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)
- 690–750, Excerpta ex libro glossarum published in the Corpus glossariorum latinorum V page 179, 6
  Citisum genus arboris quasi catanum erba odoribera uergilius et uix humiles apibus casias rorem que
  Cytisus is a kind of tree like juniper a sweet-smelling herb, greener and hardly serving the bees in comparison to furzes and rosemary.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	rōs	rōrēs
Genitive	rōris	rōrum
Dative	rōrī	rōribus
Accusative	rōrem	rōrēs
Ablative	rōre	rōribus
Vocative	rōs	rōrēs

Derived terms

rōrātiō
rōrifer
rōrō
rōrulentus
rōscidus

Descendants

Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: aroauã
- Romanian: rouă
Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: ros
  - → Sardinian: arròsu
- Occitan: ròs, arròs
Vulgar Latin:
- ⇒ *rōsāta (see there for further descendants)
Borrowings:
- → English: rore ⇒ rory
- → Middle French: rore
  - ⇒ French: rorique
- Esperanto: roso

References

“ros”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ros”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
ros in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “rōs”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 10: R, page 473

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /rɔs/

Verb

ros

second-person singular imperative of rosć

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French roche.

Noun

ros

A rock, stone.

References

Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

Middle English

Noun

ros

plural of ro (“roe deer”)

Verb

ros

Alternative form of rosen (“to boast”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

ros

passive form of ro

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From the verb rosa (“to praise”), from Old Norse hrósa. Prior to the spelling reform of 1959, this noun was considered grammatically feminine or neuter. The revision made non-standard the definite singular forms rosa, rosi, and roset.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ruːs/

Noun

ros m (definite singular rosen, uncountable)

praise
- 1875, Blix, Elias, “Med Jesus”, in Nokre Salmar, 3rd edition, page 25:
  Det er mi høgste Æra, // det er mi største Ros // hans Fylgjesvein at vera // og vandra i hans Ljos.
  It is my highest honour, // it is my highest praise: // to be a His disciple // and wander in His light.
- 1992, Ruset, Arne, Den svarte kista, pages 85-86:
  Sophies Minde vart flau av all rosen, og gav noko nebbete uttrykk for at no heldt det lenge.
  Sophies Minde got embarrassed by all the praise, and expressed somewhat snarkily that this would be enough for a good while.

Verb

ros

imperative of rosa

Etymology 2

From Old Norse rǫs, plural of ras n, whence also the more common doublet of ras.

Alternative forms

ròs (alternative spelling)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /roːs/

Noun

ros f (definite singular rosa, indefinite plural roser, definite plural rosene)

an avalanche, a landslide, a slip
Synonym: skred
cavity left in place of the masses displaced by such an avalanche, landslide or other
a scratch in the skin

Etymology 3

mann med ros i andletet

After German Rose, from Old High German rōsa, from Latin rosa. Doublet of rose.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ruːs/

Noun

ros f (definite singular rosa, uncountable)

(pathology) erysipelas
Synonym: (more common) rosen

References

“ros” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan ros, from Latin russus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Adjective

ros m (feminine singular rossa, masculine plural rosses, feminine plural rossas)

russet

References

Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2016, page 584.

Old Irish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /r͈os/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸrossos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”). The same construction as Sanskrit प्रस्थ (prastha, “plateau”), but probably coined separately in the two languages.[1]

Noun

ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

A promontory.
A wood.
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1079
  ross .i. trēde fordingair .i. ros fidbuide, […]
  wood, that is, a triad of meanings, that is, a wood of yellow trees, […]

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ros	ros^L	ruis^L
Vocative	ruis	ros^L	rusu^H
Accusative	ros^N	ros^L	rusu^H
Genitive	ruis^L	ros	ros^N
Dative	rus^L	rosaib	rosaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Irish: ros (“wood”)
Scottish Gaelic: ros (“promontory”)

Etymology 2

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥so-, which is most likely a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language. See also Latin porrum (“leek”), English furze, and possibly Ancient Greek πράσον (práson, “leek”).[2]

Noun

ros m (genitive ruis, nominative plural ruis)

A linseed.
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1079
  ros līn
  linseed
A flax - or other small seed.

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ros	ros^L	ruis^L
Vocative	ruis	ros^L	rusu^H
Accusative	ros^N	ros^L	rusu^H
Genitive	ruis^L	ros	ros^N
Dative	rus^L	rosaib	rosaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Irish: ros (“linseed”)
Scottish Gaelic: ros (“linseed”)

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ros also rros after a proclitic	ros pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 142
MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “ros”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN, page ros

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin rōsus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ros/
Rhymes: -os

Verb

ros (past participle of roade)

past participle of roade

Adjective

ros m or n (feminine singular roasă, masculine plural roși, feminine and neuter plural roase)

gnawed, eaten away at
eroded, consumed
(of clothes) careworn, threadbare, shabby, seedy, frayed

Declension

Declension of ros

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	ros		roasă	roși	roase
nominative/ accusative	definite	rosul		roasa	roșii	roasele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	ros		roase	roși	roase
genitive/ dative	definite	rosului		roasei	roșilor	roaselor

Related terms

rosătură
rosură

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ros (“linseed”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rois, plural rosan)

A linseed, flax seed.

Etymology 2

From Old Irish ros (“wood, promontory”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸrossos, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

ros m (genitive singular rois, plural rosan)

A promontory, peninsula, isthmus.

References

G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 ros (‘linseed, flaxseed’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ros (‘wood, headland’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “ros”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN, page 295
Edward Dwelly (1911), “ros”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Seychellois Creole

Etymology

From French roche.

Noun

ros

A rock, stone.

References

Danielle D’Offay et Guy Lionnet, Diksyonner Kreol - Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois - Français

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈros/ [ˈros]
Rhymes: -os
Syllabification: ros

Etymology 1

Named after Antonio Ros de Olano (1808–1886), a Spanish general who introduced the hat into the Spanish army

Noun

ros m (plural roses)

A type of military hat, similar to a shako

Noun

ros m pl

plural of ro

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch rossen.

Verb

ros

To beat up, to give a beating.

Swedish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ruːs/
audio (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish ros‚ from Middle Low German rose, from Latin rosa.

Noun

ros c

A rose; a flower, a shrub, also as heraldic charge.

Declension

Declension of ros
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	ros	rosen	rosor	rosorna
Genitive	ros	rosens	rosors	rosornas

Derived terms

alpros
buskros
nyponros
rosa
rosarium
rosbukett
rosbuske
rosdoft
rosenbegonia
rosenblad
rosenbröd
rosenbukett
rosenbuske
rosenböna
rosende
rosendoft
rosenfingrad
rosenfink
rosenfärgad
rosengång
rosengård
rosenhy
rosenhäck
rosenhäger
rosenkind
rosenknopp
rosenkrans
rosenkvitten
rosenkål
rosenmandel
rosenmoln
rosenmun
rosenmönster
rosenmönstrad
rosenodling
rosenolja
rosenplantering
rosenpotatis
rosenrabatt
rosenrasande
rosenröd
rosenrött
rosenskimmer
rosenskära
rosenspaljen
rosensten
rosenstock
rosentry
rosenträ
rosenträd
rosenträdgård
rosenvatten
rosett
rosig
rosling
rosmarin
rosrabatt
rosväxt

Descendants

→ Finnish: ruusu

Noun

ros

indefinite genitive singular of ro.

Verb

ros

infinitive passive of ro.
present tense passive of ro.

References

Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
ros in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

ors, sor

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From German Rost.

Noun

ros

rust

Zoogocho Zapotec

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish arroz, from Andalusian Arabic الرَّوْز‎ (ar-rawz), from Arabic أَرُزّ‎ (ʾaruzz, “rice”), from Ancient Greek ὄρυζᾰ (óruza).

Noun

ros

rice

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish rosa, from Latin rosa.

Noun

ros

rose

Derived terms

color de ros
yej ros

References

Long C., Rebecca; Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎ (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 270

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 142

[2] MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “ros”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN, page ros

ros

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Synonyms

Related terms

Etymology 3

Noun

References

Cornish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Noun

Dalmatian

Etymology

Adjective

Danish

Verb

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Adjective

Inflection

Derived terms

Friulian

Etymology

Adjective

Derived terms

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Mutation

Further reading

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

Verb

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

Noun

References

Middle English

Noun

Verb

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Verb

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun