< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/smertan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *smertaną.
Verb
*smertan[1]
- to hurt, to smart
Inflection
| Class 3 strong | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *smertan | |
| 1st sg. past | *smart | |
| 3rd pl. past | *smurtun | |
| Past ptcple | *smortan | |
| Infinitive | *smertan | |
| Genitive infin. | *smertannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *smertannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *smertannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *smertu | *smart |
| 2nd singular | *smirtiʀi | *smurtī |
| 3rd singular | *smirtidi | *smart |
| 1st plural | *smertum | *smurtum |
| 2nd plural | *smirtid | *smurtud |
| 3rd plural | *smertand | *smurtun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *smertē | *smurtī |
| 2nd singular | *smertēs | *smurtī |
| 3rd singular | *smertē | *smurtī |
| 1st plural | *smertēm | *smurtīm |
| 2nd plural | *smertēþ | *smurtīd |
| 3rd plural | *smertēn | *smurtīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *smert | |
| Plural | *smirtid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *smertandī | *smortan |
Descendants
- Old English: smeortan
- Middle English: smerten, smeorten, smearten, smarten
- English: smart
- Scots: smert, smairt
- Middle English: smerten, smeorten, smearten, smarten
- Old Frisian: *smerta
- → Satawalese: smeete
- West Frisian: smerte
- Old Saxon: *smertan
- Middle Low German: smerten
- German Low German: smarten
- Low German: smerten
- → Danish: smerte
- → Swedish: smärta
- → Norwegian: smerte
- Middle Low German: smerten
- Old Dutch: *smertan
- Middle Dutch: smerten, smarten
- Dutch: smarten
- Middle Dutch: smerten, smarten
- Old High German: smerzan
- Middle High German: schmerzen
- German: schmerzen
- Middle High German: schmerzen
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*smertan”