Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sestra

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sestra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *sesra, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swésō, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.

Noun

*sestrà f[1]

1. sister

Inflection

Declension of *sestrà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*sestrà	*sèstrě	*sestrỳ
Accusative	*sestrǫ̀	*sèstrě	*sestrỳ
Genitive	*sestrỳ	*sestrù	*sèstrъ
Locative	*sestrě̀	*sestrù	*sestràsъ, *sestràxъ*
Dative	*sestrě̀	*sestràma	*sestràmъ
Instrumental	*sestròjǫ, *sèstrǫ**	*sestràma	*sestràmī
Vocative	*sestro	*sèstrě	*sestrỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

See also

Proto-Slavic family terms

*sěmьja, *rodina (“family”)	Male	Female
parent	*otъ, *otьcь (“father”) nursery: *tata	*mati (“mother”) nursery: *mama
sibling	*bratrъ (“brother”)	*sestra (“sister”)
child	*synъ (“son”)	*dъťi (“daughter”)
grandparent	– (“grandfather”) nursery: *dědъ; *nana	*ova (“grandmother”) nursery: *baba; *nena
grandchild	*vъnukъ (“grandson”)	*vъnuka (“granddaughter”)
stepparent	*otьčimъ (“stepfather”)	*maťexa (“stepmother”)
stepchild	*pastorъkъ (“stepson”)	*pastorъka (“stepdaughter”)
father's sibling	*strъjь (“paternal uncle”) nursery: *dada; *lola	– (“paternal aunt”) nursery: *teta; *lelja
mother's sibling	*ujь (“maternal uncle”) nursery: *dada; *lola	– (“maternal aunt”) nursery: *teta; *lelja
sibling's child	*netьjь (“nephew”)	*nestera (“niece”)
spouse	*mǫžь (“husband”)	*žena (“wife”)
parent of wife	*tьstь (“father-in-law (wife's father)”)	*tьšča (“mother-in-law (wife's mother)”)
parent of husband	*svekrъ (“father-in-law (husband's father)”)	*svekry (“mother-in-law (husband's father)”)
sibling of wife	*šurь (“brother-in-law (wife's brother)”)	*svěstь, *svьstь (“sister-in-law (wife's sister)”)
sibling of husband	*děverь (“brother-in-law (husband's brother)”)	*zъly (“sister-in-law (husband's sister)”)
spouse of child	*zętь (“son-in-law (daughter's husband)”)	*snъxa (“daughter-in-law (son's wife)”)
spouse of husband's brother	–	*ętry (“sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: сестра́ (sestrá)
    • Old Ruthenian: сестра́ (sestrá), сєстра́ (sjestrá)[2][3]
      • Belarusian: сястра́ (sjastrá)
      • Rusyn: сестра́ (sestrá)
      • Ukrainian: сестра́ (sestrá)
    • Russian: сестра́ (sestrá)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: сестра (sestra)

    Glagolitic: ⱄⰵⱄⱅⱃⰰ (sestra)

  • Bulgarian: сестра́ (sestrá)
  • Macedonian: сестра (sestra)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: сѐстра

    Latin: sèstra

  • Slovene: séstra (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: sestra
    • Czech: sestra
  • Kashubian: sostra
  • Polabian: sestră
  • Polish: siostra
  • Slovak: sestra
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: sotra
    • Lower Sorbian: sotša
      • (Schleifer dialect): sostra

References

1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sestrà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 445
2. Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (1978), “сестра”, in Словник староукраїнської мови XIV–XV ст. [Dictionary of the Old Ukrainian Language of the 14ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ cc.] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Н – Ѳ), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 341
3. Bulyka, A. M., editor (2011), “сестра”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 31 (рушаючий – смущенье), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 239