Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/košь

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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/košь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain. Dersken and Vasmer point a similarity with Latin quālum (“hamper”) and its diminutive quasillum, however, both sources qualify it as dubious. If correct, then the Slavic term is likely a back-formation from Proto-Slavic *košelъ[1] < proto-Indo-European *kʷes- +‎ *-slo-.

Another alternative is from *kаt- (“to chain”) +‎ *-s- (derivative aorist marker) or (less likely) *kadʰ- (“to cover”) +‎ *-s-. Neither of these roots is well-established, though. If correct, this would make *košь and its derivatives cognates with Proto-Slavic *kotьcь, Proto-Slavic *kotьlъ and probably Proto-Slavic *kǫťa. Plausible cognates outside of Slavic include Latin casa (“hut”)[2], Latin cassis (“helmet”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀‎ (kata, “chamber”), Middle Persian kwšk' (kōšk, “pavilion, kiosk”), and Proto-Germanic *hattuz (“hat”).

The meaning of the East Slavic term may have been affected by Old Turkic köç- (“migration”) → Kazakh көш (köş, “military camp”).

Noun

*kòšь m[3][4][5]

1. basket

   Synonym: *krošňa

Inflection

Declension of *kòšь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*kòšь	*košà	*košì
Accusative	*kòšь	*košà	*košę̇̀
Genitive	*košà	*košù	*kòšь
Locative	*košì	*košù	*kòšixъ
Dative	*košù	*košèma	*kòšemъ
Instrumental	*košь̀mь, *košèmь*	*košèma	*kòši
Vocative	*košu	*košà	*košì

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *košelъ (“woven bag”)
• *košara (“cottage”)
• *košěrъ (“beehive”)
• *kotьcь (“pigsty”)
• *kotьlъ (“cauldron”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: кош (koš)
  • Russian: кош (koš) (dialectal)
  • Ukrainian: кіш (kiš)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: кошь (košĭ)

    Glagolitic: ⰽⱁⱎⱐ (košĭ)

  • Bulgarian: кош (koš, “basket”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: ко̏ш

    Latin: kȍš

    • Chakavian (Orbanići): kȍš
  • Slovene: kȍš (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: koš
    • Czech: koš
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): kůš
  • Polish: kosz
  • Slovak: koš
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kóš

• Non Slavic:
  • → Romanian: coș

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*košь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 195
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кош”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “кош¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 690

References

1. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*košelъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 187
2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 96
3. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kòšь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 240: “m. jo (b) ‘basket’”
4. Olander, Thomas (2001), “kosjь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b kurv (SA 147, 177; PR 134)”
5. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kȍš”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*kos'ь̏”