Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dyxati

< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dyxati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Formed as *dyxъ (“whiff”) +‎ *-ati, from from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dáuṣas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-, *dʰūs-, *dʰwes- (“to blow”), see also Latvian dvest (“to breathe”), Lithuanian dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”).[1]

Verb

*dyxàti impf (perfective *dyxnǫti)[2][3][4]

1. to breathe

Inflection

Original:

Conjugation of *dyxati, *dyxa, *dyšetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dyxanьje	*dyxati	*dyxatъ	*dyxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dyxanъ	*dyšemъ
Active	*dyxavъ	*dyšę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dyxaxъ	*dyxa	*dyxa	*dyšǫ	*dyšeši	*dyšetь
Dual	*dyxaxově	*dyxasta	*dyxaste	*dyševě	*dyšeta	*dyšete
Plural	*dyxaxomъ	*dyxaste	*dyxašę	*dyšemъ	*dyšete	*dyšǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dyxaaxъ	*dyxaaše	*dyxaaše	—	*dyši	*dyši
Dual	*dyxaaxově	*dyxaašeta	*dyxaašete	*dyšivě	*dyšita	—
Plural	*dyxaaxomъ	*dyxaašete	*dyxaaxǫ	*dyšimъ	*dyšite	—

Secondary:

Conjugation of *dyxati, *dyxa, *dyxajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dyxanьje	*dyxati	*dyxatъ	*dyxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dyxanъ	*dyxajemъ
Active	*dyxavъ	*dyxaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dyxaxъ	*dyxa	*dyxa	*dyxajǫ	*dyxaješi	*dyxajetь
Dual	*dyxaxově	*dyxasta	*dyxaste	*dyxajevě	*dyxajeta	*dyxajete
Plural	*dyxaxomъ	*dyxaste	*dyxašę	*dyxajemъ	*dyxajete	*dyxajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dyxaaxъ	*dyxaaše	*dyxaaše	—	*dyxaji	*dyxaji
Dual	*dyxaaxově	*dyxaašeta	*dyxaašete	*dyxajivě	*dyxajita	—
Plural	*dyxaaxomъ	*dyxaašete	*dyxaaxǫ	*dyxajimъ	*dyxajite	—

Derived terms

• *dyšati (intensive)
• *dyxavica

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ды́хаць (dýxacʹ)
  • Russian: ды́хать (dýxatʹ) (obsolete)
  • Ukrainian: ди́хати (dýxaty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: дꙑхати (dyxati)
  • Bulgarian: дихая (dihaja) (archaic), дихам (diham), дихвам (dihvam)
  • Macedonian: дише (diše), dial. дија (dija)
  • Serbo-Croatian: díhati, dȉhati (Chakavian)
  • Slovene: díhati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: dýchat
  • Polish: dychać
  • Slovak: dýchať

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ды́хать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dyxati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 199
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “дихам, дихвам, дихна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 398

References

1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 268-71
2. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dyxati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131: “‘breathe’”
3. Olander, Thomas (2001), “dyxati: dyšǫ dyšetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a? ånde (PR 133)”
4. Snoj, Marko (2016), “dihati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*dyxa̋ti”