Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hajáhram

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram.

Numeral

*hajáhram[1]

one thousand

Derived terms

*hajáhrakah (“one thousand years, Millennium”)
- Kurdish: (maybe influenced by New Persian)
  Central Kurdish: هەزارە‎ (hezare /hazāra/), حەزارە‎ (ḧezare /ḥazāra/)
  Northern Kurdish: hezare (/hazāra/), hizare (/hizāra/)
- Middle Persian: (/hazārag/)
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hcʾlk')
  Pazend: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀‎ (hazāra)
  - → Old Armenian: հազարեակ (hazareak)
  - Classical Persian: هزاره‎ (hazāra)
    Dari: هزاره‎ (hazāra)
    Iranian Persian: هزاره‎ (hezāre)
    Tajik: ҳазора (hazora)
    - → Pashto: هزاره‎ (hazāra)
*hajáhra-pátiš (“the commander of thousand men, Chiliarch”)
- Parthian: (/hazārpet/)
  Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭇𐭆𐭓𐭅𐭐𐭕‎ (ḥzrwpt)
  - → Old Armenian: հազարապետ (hazarapet)
    - → Georgian: ჰაზარაპეტი (hazaraṗeṭi)
  - → Ancient Greek: ἀζαραπατεῖς (azarapateîs)
- Middle Persian: (/hazārbed/)
  Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭧𐭦𐭠𐭫𐭥𐭯𐭲‎ (ḥzʾlwpt)
  - Classical Persian: هزاربد‎ (hazārbud)
    Iranian Persian: هزاربد‎ (hezārbod)
  - → Ancient Greek: ἀζαβαρίτης (azabarítēs)
  - → Classical Syriac: ܗܙܪܦܬ‎ (hzrpt /hzārpat/)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬢𐬭𐬀‎ (hazaŋra)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *hazā́hrā
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (ysāra-)
  - Old Ossetic: *æzræ, *æzæræ[2]
    - Ossetian: ӕрзӕ (ærzæ)
    - → Hungarian: ezer
- Sodgo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: υαζαρο (uazaro /hazār/)
  - Khwarezmian: هزار‎ (hzʾr /*hazār/)
  - Sogdian: (/zār/)
    Sogdian: [script needed] (ILPW)
    Manichaean: 𐫉𐫀𐫡‎ (zʾr), 𐫉𐫀𐫀𐫡‎ (zʾʾr)
    Syriac: ܙܐܪ‎ (zʾr)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri: آزار‎ (āzār), زار‎ (zār)
- Pashto: زر‎ (zër)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: ہزار‎ (hazár)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ھەزار‎ (hezar /hazār/), حه‌زار‎ (ḧezar /ḥazār/)
  Northern Kurdish: hezar (/hazār/), hazar (/hāzār/), hizar (/hizār/)
  Southern Kurdish: هِزار‎ (hizar /hizār/)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *hazáhram
  - Caspian:
    - Old Mazanderani: هزار‎ (hazār)
      - Mazanderani: هزار‎ (hëzār)
    - Gilaki: هزار‎ (hizår), هزر‎ (hezar)
  - Parthian: (/hazār/)
    Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭀𐭋𐭐𐭉𐭍‎ (ALPYN)
    Manichaean: 𐫍𐫉𐫀𐫡‎ (hzʾr)
    - → Old Armenian: հազար (hazar)
    - → Middle Persian: (/hazār/)
      Manichaean: 𐫍𐫉𐫀𐫡‎ (hzʾr)
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hcʾl)
      Pazend: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬁𐬭‎ (hazār)
      - Classical Persian: هزار‎ (hazār)
        Iranian Persian: هزار‎ (hezâr), زار‎ (zâr) (see there for further descendants)
        Dari: هزار‎ (hazâr)
        Tajik: ҳазор (hazor)
        → Yagnobi: ҳазор (hazor)
  - Zaza- Gorani:
    - Gurani: ھەزار‎ (hezar /hazār/)
    - Zazaki: henzar (/hanzār/), hezar (/hazār/), xezar (/xazār/)
→ Crimean Gothic: hazer

References

Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*haźáhra-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 394-396
Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 241

[ESIJa-1] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*haźáhra-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 394-396

[2] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 241