< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Suffix
*(é)-yeti
- Creates transitive imperfective verbs from roots.
Usage notes
In many daughter languages, this suffix came to be affixed to stems as well. It was used frequently to convert originally athematic inflections into thematic inflections.
Inflection
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *(é)-yeti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *(é)-yonti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(é)-yoh₂ | *(é)-yom | — | *(é)-yōh₂ | *(é)-yoyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *(é)-yesi | *(é)-yes | *(é)-ye | *(é)-yēsi | *(é)-yoys |
| 3rd singular | *(é)-yeti | *(é)-yet | *(é)-yetu | *(é)-yēti | *(é)-yoyt |
| 1st dual | *(é)-yowos | *(é)-yowe | — | *(é)-yōwos | *(é)-yoywe |
| 2nd dual | *(é)-yetes | *(é)-yetom | *(é)-yetom | *(é)-yētes | *(é)-yoytom |
| 3rd dual | *(é)-yetes | *(é)-yetām | *(é)-yetām | *(é)-yētes | *(é)-yoytām |
| 1st plural | *(é)-yomos | *(é)-yome | — | *(é)-yōmos | *(é)-yoyme |
| 2nd plural | *(é)-yete | *(é)-yete | *(é)-yete | *(é)-yēte | *(é)-yoyte |
| 3rd plural | *(é)-yonti | *(é)-yont | *(é)-yontu | *(é)-yōnti | *(é)-yoyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *(é)-yonts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(é)-yoh₂er | *(é)-yoh₂e | — | *(é)-yōh₂er | *(é)-yoyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *(é)-yeth₂er | *(é)-yeth₂e | *(é)-yeso | *(é)-yēth₂er | *(é)-yoyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *(é)-yetor | *(é)-yeto | *? | *(é)-yētor | *(é)-yoyto, *(é)-yoyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *(é)-yowosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yowedʰh₂ | — | *(é)-yōwosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yoywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *(é)-yomosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yomedʰh₂ | — | *(é)-yōmosdʰh₂ | *(é)-yoymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *(é)-yedʰh₂we | *(é)-yedʰh₂we | *(é)-yedʰh₂we | *(é)-yēdʰh₂we | *(é)-yoydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *(é)-yoror, *(é)-yontor | *(é)-yoro, *(é)-yonto | *? | *(é)-yōror, *(é)-yōntor | *(é)-yoyro, *(é)-yoyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *(é)-yomnos | ||||
Derived terms
Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-yeti
- *-éyeti
- *-éh₁yeti
Descendants
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: -եմ (-em) (partially)
- Proto-Germanic: *-(i)ja- (j-presents, class 1 weak verbs)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-yō
- Ancient Greek: -έω (-éō) (partially, when added to roots, when compounded with *-e- (noun thematic vowel), ie. *-eyé-, when added to s-stem nouns, ie. *-esyé-)
- Ancient Greek: -όω (-óō) (aboriginal ἀρόω (aróō) and new denominative verbs to o-stem nouns)
- Ancient Greek: -πτω (-ptō) (< *-pye-, *-pʰye-)
- Ancient Greek: -σσω (-ssō), -ττω (-ttō) (< *-kye-, *-kʰye-, *-kʷye-, *-kʷʰye-, *-tye-, *-tʰye-, *-gye-)
- Ancient Greek: -ζω (-zō) (< *-gye-, *-gʷye-, *-dye-)
- Ancient Greek: -λλω (-llō) (< *-lye-)
- Ancient Greek: -ιCω (-iCō) (< *-Cye-)
- Italic:
- Latin: -iō (Third conjugation verbs iō-variation)
- Latin: -iō (Fourth conjugation verbs, partially, when compounded with *-i- (noun thematic vowel), ie. *-iyé-, or by later non-inherited fabrications)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-yatay
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-yatay
- Sanskrit: -यते (-yate)
- Proto-Iranian: *-yatay
- Younger Avestan: -𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬈 (-iiāite)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-yatay
See also
- *-yéti
References
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN