< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrabô
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *hrabnaz
Etymology
Possibly from a root Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-, whence also Latin corvus, Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxrɑβ.ɔːː/
Noun
*hrabô m[1]
- raven
Inflection
| masculine an-stemDeclension of *hrabô (masculine an-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *hrabô | *hrabaniz | |
| vocative | *hrabô | *hrabaniz | |
| accusative | *hrabanų | *hrabanunz | |
| genitive | *hrabiniz | *hrabanǫ̂ | |
| dative | *hrabini | *hrabammaz | |
| instrumental | *hrabinē | *hrabammiz | |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hrabn, *hrabō
- Old English: hræfn, hrefn, hræmn, hremn, hræfen
- Middle English: raven, reven, revin
- English: raven
- Scots: ravin, revin, rawin
- Middle English: raven, reven, revin
- Old Frisian: ravan
- Saterland Frisian: Roave (possibly from Middle Low German)
- West Frisian: raven
- Old Saxon: hravan, hraƀan, ravan
- Middle Low German: rāven, rāve, rāvene, rāmme
- German Low German: Raav, Roov
- Westphalian:
- Ravensbergisch: Räwe
- Lippisch: Rabe
- Westmünsterländisch: Raawe, Raabe
- Westphalian:
- Plautdietsch: Rowen
- German Low German: Raav, Roov
- Middle Low German: rāven, rāve, rāvene, rāmme
- Old Dutch: ravan
- Middle Dutch: rāven
- Dutch: raaf
- Middle Dutch: rāven
- Old High German: raban, hraban, hram, ram, rabo, rappo
- Middle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)
- Alemannic German: Rapp
- Central Franconian:
- Hunsrik: Raab, Raaf
- Luxembourgish: Ramm
- German: Rabe
- Rhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp
- Frankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]
- Yiddish: ראָב (rob)
- Middle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)
- Old English: hræfn, hrefn, hræmn, hremn, hræfen
- Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ (harabanaʀ)
- Old Norse: hrafn, hramn
- Icelandic: hrafn
- Faroese: ravnur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: ramn, (dialectal) rabn, rabm, ravn
- Old Swedish: ramn, rampn, rafn
- Swedish: ramn, ramm (dialectal)
- Old Danish: rafn
- Danish: ravn
- Norwegian Bokmål: ravn
- Danish: ravn
- Old Norse: hrafn, hramn
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hrab/ppan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 240