Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlōaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hlōjaną, *hlōijaną

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kloh₁-ye-, frequentative form of *kleh₁- (“to call, shout”), from *kelh₁- (“to shout”). Cognate with Latin clāmō (“cry out, shout, claim”), Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō, “call, summon, invite”).

Verb

*hlōaną

to shout
to bellow; roar

Inflection

Conjugation of *hlōaną (strong class 7)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hlōō	*hlōaų	—	*hlōai	*?
2nd singular	*hlōizi	*hlōaiz	*hlō	*hlōazai	*hlōaizau
3rd singular	*hlōidi	*hlōai	*hlōadau	*hlōadai	*hlōaidau
1st dual	*hlōōz	*hlōaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hlōadiz	*hlōaidiz	*hlōadiz	—	—
1st plural	*hlōamaz	*hlōaim	—	*hlōandai	*hlōaindau
2nd plural	*hlōid	*hlōaid	*hlōid	*hlōandai	*hlōaindau
3rd plural	*hlōandi	*hlōain	*hlōandau	*hlōandai	*hlōaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hehlō	*hehlōį̄
2nd singular	*hehlōt	*hehlōīz
3rd singular	*hehlō	*hehlōī
1st dual	*hehlōū	*hehlōīw
2nd dual	*hehlōudiz	*hehlōīdiz
1st plural	*hehlōum	*hehlōīm
2nd plural	*hehlōud	*hehlōīd
3rd plural	*hehlōun	*hehlōīn

	present	past
participles	*hlōandz	*hlōanaz

Related terms

*halōną
*hulōną

Descendants

Old English: hlōwan
- Middle English: hlouen, loowen, louwen, lowen
  - Scots: low
  - English: low
Old Saxon: hlōjan, *hlōgian
- Middle Low German: lōien, lūgen
Old Dutch: luoien
- Middle Dutch: loeyen
  - Dutch: loeien
Old High German: hlōjan, hlōon, hluoen, lōwan, luoen, luon, luogen
- Middle High German: luogen, lüewen, lüejen, lüen
Old Norse: hlóa; hlói m
- Icelandic: hlóa