< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/koski
 | This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Uralic *kośke.
Noun
*koski
- a continuous series of relatively small waterfalls in a stream, rapid
- Synonym: *juka
Inflection
Inflection of *koski
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *koski | *kosket | |
| accusative | *kosken | *kosket | |
| genitive | *kosken | *koskeden *koskiden | |
| partitive | *koskeda | *koskida | |
| inessive | *koskessa *koskehna | *koskissa *koskihna | |
| elative | *koskesta | *koskista | |
| illative | *koskehen | *koskihen | |
| adessive | *koskella | *koskilla | |
| ablative | *koskelta | *koskilta | |
| allative | *koskelen *koskelek | *koskilen *koskilek | |
| essive | *koskena | *koskina | |
| translative | *koskeksi | *koskiksi | |
| instructive | *kosken | *koskin | |
| comitative | *koskenek | *koskinek | |
| abessive | *kosketta | *koskitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: kosk
- Finnish: koski
- Karelian: koski
- Livvi: koski
- Ludian: kosk
- Veps: kosk
Etymology 2
From Proto-Uralic [Term?]. Cognate with Hungarian hárs.
Noun
*koski
- spruce bark, thick bark
Inflection
Inflection of *koski
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *koski | *kosket | |
| accusative | *kosken | *kosket | |
| genitive | *kosken | *koskeden *koskiden | |
| partitive | *koskeda | *koskida | |
| inessive | *koskessa *koskehna | *koskissa *koskihna | |
| elative | *koskesta | *koskista | |
| illative | *koskehen | *koskihen | |
| adessive | *koskella | *koskilla | |
| ablative | *koskelta | *koskilta | |
| allative | *koskelen *koskelek | *koskilen *koskilek | |
| essive | *koskena | *koskina | |
| translative | *koskeksi | *koskiksi | |
| instructive | *kosken | *koskin | |
| comitative | *koskenek | *koskinek | |
| abessive | *kosketta | *koskitta | |
Descendants
From *koski:
- Estonian: (dialectal) kosk
- Livonian: kuosk
- → Latvian: kaska, koska
- Võro: kosk'
From *kosku-:
- Finnish: (dialectal) koskut, kosku, koskus
- Ingrian: kosut
- Karelian: koskus, koskut
- Ludian: koskud
- ⇒ Veps: koskhaine
- Votic: (Mati) kõsku
Further reading
- Entry #350 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kosku”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN