Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wolis

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to wound, strike”), see also Latin vulnus (“wound”).[1]

Noun

*wolis ?[2][3]

blood

Inflection

Masculine/feminine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wolis	*wolī	*wolīs
vocative	*woli	*wolī	*wolīs
accusative	*wolim	*wolī	*wolims
genitive	*woleis	*wolyow	*wolyom
dative	*wolei	*wolibom	*wolibos
locative	*wolei	*?	*?
instrumental	*wolī	*wolibim	*wolibis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Breton: goulyow
- Cornish: goly
- Middle Welsh: gweli (“wound, blood”)
Old Irish: fuil
- Middle Irish: fuil
  - Irish: fuil
  - Manx: fuill
  - Scottish Gaelic: fuil

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1144
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*weli-, *woli-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 410
Koch, John (2004) English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1144

[Matasovic-2] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*weli-, *woli-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 410

[3] Koch, John (2004) English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies